feat: README, config.example, turnstile integration, exchange rate, auth utils refactor

Cargo.lock

@@ -3172,6 +3172,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing-appender",
  "tracing-opentelemetry",
  "tracing-subscriber",
+ "turnstile",
  "urlencoding",
  "uuid 1.23.4",
 ]
@@ -4999,6 +5000,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "tokio",
+ "tracing",
  "uuid 1.23.4",
 ]
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -44,4 +44,5 @@ gtmpl = "0.7"
 gtmpl_value = "0.5"
 sms = { path = "crates/sms" }
 email = { path = "crates/email" }
+turnstile = { path = "crates/turnstile" }
 reqwest = { version = "0.12", features = ["json"] }

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+# PPanel Backend (Rust)
+
+<div align="center">
+
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/perfect-panel/ppanel-backend)](LICENSE)
+[![Rust](https://img.shields.io/badge/Rust-2021_edition-orange)](https://www.rust-lang.org/)
+[![Axum](https://img.shields.io/badge/Axum-0.8-blue)](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum)
+[![sqlx](https://img.shields.io/badge/sqlx-0.9-green)](https://github.com/launchbadge/sqlx)
+
+**PPanel 服务端的 Rust 重写版本 — 基于 Axum + sqlx，同时支持 MySQL / MariaDB 和 PostgreSQL。**
+
+[中文](README.md) | [报告问题](https://github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-backend/issues/new)
+
+</div>
+
+> **第一条**  
+> 人人生而自由，在尊严与权利上一律平等。  
+> 他们赋有理性与良知，应当以兄弟般的精神彼此相待。  
+>
+> **第十九条**  
+> 人人有思想与表达的自由；此项自由包括持有主张而不受干预，以及通过任何媒介、无论国界，自由寻求、接受和传播信息与思想。  
+>
+> *来源：[United Nations – Universal Declaration of Human Rights](https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2021/03/udhr.pdf)*
+
+---
+
+## 📋 概述
+
+`ppanel-backend` 是 [PPanel 服务端 (Go)](https://github.com/perfect-panel/server) 的 Rust 移植版本，使用 **Axum 0.8 + sqlx 0.9 + Tokio** 构建，与 Go 版本保持完整的 API 兼容性。
+
+### 与 Go 版本的差异与改进
+
+| 维度 | Go 版 | Rust 版 |
+|---|---|---|
+| HTTP 框架 | go-zero / Hertz | Axum 0.8 |
+| ORM | GORM | sqlx 0.9（编译期 SQL 检查） |
+| 数据库 | MySQL 为主 | MySQL / MariaDB + PostgreSQL 双后端 |
+| 异步运行时 | goroutine | Tokio |
+| 内存安全 | GC | 所有权系统，无 GC 暂停 |
+| 插件系统 | WebAssembly | 暂不实现 |
+
+### 核心特性
+
+- **多协议支持**：Shadowsocks、V2Ray、VLESS、Trojan、Hysteria2、TUIC 等
+- **双数据库后端**：MySQL / MariaDB 和 PostgreSQL 共用一套代码，运行时自动检测方言
+- **完整 API 兼容**：与 Go 版本接口一一对应，可无缝替换
+- **OpenTelemetry 可观测性**：stdout / OTLP gRPC / OTLP HTTP 链路追踪
+- **Redis 限流**：验证码发送间隔（60 秒）+ 每日上限（15 次）
+- **Cloudflare Turnstile**：登录 / 注册 / 重置密码三处人机验证
+- **异步任务队列**：基于 asynq（Redis），兼容 Go 版任务类型键名
+- **定时调度器**：订阅检查（60s）、流量重置（00:30）、流量统计（00:00）、汇率更新（01:00）
+
+---
+
+## 🚀 快速开始
+
+### 前提条件
+
+- **Rust** 1.75+（推荐使用 `rustup` 安装）
+- **MySQL 8.0+ / MariaDB 10.6+** 或 **PostgreSQL 14+**
+- **Redis** 6.0+
+- **Git**
+
+### 从源码运行
+
+```bash
+# 1. 克隆仓库
+git clone https://github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-backend.git
+cd ppanel-backend
+
+# 2. 复制并编辑配置
+cp config.example.yaml config.yaml
+# 编辑 config.yaml，填写数据库、Redis、JWT 等配置
+
+# 3. 编译并运行
+cargo run --release
+```
+
+服务默认监听 `0.0.0.0:8080`，`/health` 路由返回 `ok`。
+
+### 配置文件
+
+配置文件路径默认为 `config.yaml`，可通过环境变量 `PPANEL_CONFIG` 覆盖：
+
+```bash
+PPANEL_CONFIG=/etc/ppanel/config.yaml cargo run --release
+```
+
+最小配置示例（MySQL）：
+
+```yaml
+Host: 0.0.0.0
+Port: 8080
+Model: prod          # prod | dev（dev 模式跳过 Turnstile 验证）
+
+JwtAuth:
+  AccessSecret: "your-secret-here"
+  AccessExpire: 86400
+
+Database:
+  Driver: mysql
+  Addr: "127.0.0.1:3306"
+  Username: ppanel
+  Password: your-password
+  DBName: ppanel
+
+Redis:
+  Host: "127.0.0.1:6379"
+
+Administrator:
+  Email: admin@example.com
+  Password: changeme
+```
+
+PostgreSQL 只需把 `Driver` 改为 `postgres`，`Addr` 改为 PG 格式即可。
+
+---
+
+## 🗄 数据库迁移
+
+启动时自动执行迁移，无需额外命令。
+
+迁移文件位于：
+- `migrations/mysql/`   — MySQL / MariaDB
+- `migrations/postgres/` — PostgreSQL
+
+每个版本同时提供 `*.sql`（正向）和 `*.down.sql`（回滚）。
+
+### 从 MySQL 迁移到 PostgreSQL
+
+使用内置工具：
+
+```bash
+cargo build --release -p mysql2postgres
+./target/release/mysql2postgres \
+  --mysql  "user:pass@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/ppanel" \
+  --postgres "postgres://user:pass@127.0.0.1/ppanel" \
+  --dry-run   # 先预览，确认无误后去掉此参数
+```
+
+---
+
+## 📁 目录结构
+
+```
+ppanel-backend/
+├── crates/               # 独立库 crate
+│   ├── email/            # 邮件发送
+│   ├── ip/               # IP 地理位置
+│   ├── jwt/              # JWT 签发 / 验证
+│   ├── oauth/            # OAuth2（Google / Apple / Telegram）
+│   ├── password/         # 密码哈希（PBKDF2 / bcrypt / MD5 / SHA-256）
+│   ├── payment/          # 支付平台（Alipay / ePay / Stripe）
+│   ├── result/           # HTTP 统一响应格式与错误码
+│   ├── sms/              # 短信（阿里云 / Twilio / SmsBao / AboSend）
+│   └── turnstile/        # Cloudflare Turnstile 验证
+├── migrations/           # 数据库迁移 SQL
+│   ├── mysql/
+│   └── postgres/
+├── src/
+│   ├── adapter/          # 代理协议适配器（生成订阅链接）
+│   ├── config/           # 配置结构体
+│   ├── handler/          # HTTP 路由与处理器
+│   │   ├── admin/        # 管理员 API
+│   │   ├── auth/         # 认证 API
+│   │   ├── common/       # 公共 API
+│   │   ├── notify/       # 支付回调
+│   │   ├── public/       # 用户 API
+│   │   └── server/       # 节点 API
+│   ├── middleware/        # HTTP 中间件
+│   ├── model/            # 数据模型（entity + DTO）
+│   ├── queue/            # 异步任务队列
+│   ├── repository/       # 数据访问层（MySQL + PG 双实现）
+│   ├── scheduler/        # 定时任务
+│   ├── service/          # 业务逻辑
+│   │   ├── admin/
+│   │   ├── auth/
+│   │   ├── common/
+│   │   ├── public/
+│   │   ├── server/
+│   │   └── telegram/
+│   ├── exchange_rate.rs  # 汇率换算工具
+│   ├── tracing_otel.rs   # OpenTelemetry 初始化
+│   └── main.rs
+├── tools/
+│   └── mysql2postgres/   # MySQL → PostgreSQL 数据迁移工具
+├── Cargo.toml
+└── config.example.yaml
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🔗 API 兼容性
+
+本版本与 Go 服务端 API 完全兼容，可直接对接：
+
+- **前端**：[PPanel Web](https://github.com/perfect-panel/frontend)
+- **用户界面预览**：[user.ppanel.dev](https://user.ppanel.dev)
+- **管理界面预览**：[admin.ppanel.dev](https://admin.ppanel.dev)
+- **Swagger 文档**：[ppanel.dev/zh-CN/swagger/ppanel](https://ppanel.dev/zh-CN/swagger/ppanel)
+
+---
+
+## 🧪 开发
+
+### 运行测试
+
+```bash
+cargo test
+```
+
+### 代码检查
+
+```bash
+cargo check
+cargo clippy
+```
+
+### 构建发布版
+
+```bash
+cargo build --release
+# 产物：./target/release/ppanel-backend
+```
+
+### OpenTelemetry 链路追踪
+
+在配置文件中添加：
+
+```yaml
+Trace:
+  Name: ppanel
+  Batcher: stdout          # stdout | otlpgrpc | otlphttp
+  Endpoint: ""             # 留空 + stdout 时输出到控制台
+  Sampler: 1.0
+  Disabled: false
+```
+
+---
+
+## 🤝 贡献
+
+欢迎 PR 和 Issue。移植工作参考 Go 原版 (`../server`)，Rust 实现遵循 `AGENTS.md` 中记录的约定。
+
+## 📄 许可证
+
+本项目采用 [Apache License 2.0](LICENSE) 授权。

config.example.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# PPanel Backend — 示例配置
+# 复制为 config.yaml 并按实际环境修改。
+# 路径可通过环境变量 PPANEL_CONFIG 覆盖。
+
+Host: 0.0.0.0
+Port: 8080
+# prod | dev （dev 模式跳过 Turnstile 验证，不建议生产使用）
+Model: prod
+Debug: false
+
+JwtAuth:
+  AccessSecret: "change-me-to-a-random-secret"
+  AccessExpire: 86400        # token 有效期（秒）
+
+# ── 数据库 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# 支持 mysql（含 MariaDB）和 postgres，运行时自动检测方言。
+Database:
+  Driver: mysql              # mysql | postgres
+  Addr: "127.0.0.1:3306"    # MySQL: host:port / PG: host:port
+  Username: ppanel
+  Password: your-db-password
+  DBName: ppanel
+  # 以下为可选调优
+  MaxIdleConns: 10
+  MaxOpenConns: 100
+
+# ── Redis ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Redis:
+  Host: "127.0.0.1:6379"
+  Pass: ""
+  DB: 0
+
+# ── 管理员初始账号（首次启动自动创建）─────────────────────────────────
+Administrator:
+  Email: admin@example.com
+  Password: changeme
+
+# ── 日志 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Logger:
+  ServiceName: ppanel-backend
+  Mode: console              # console | file | volume
+  Encoding: plain            # plain | json
+  Level: info
+  Path: logs
+  # KeepDays: 7
+  # MaxBackups: 30
+
+# ── 链路追踪（OpenTelemetry，可选）──────────────────────────────────────
+Trace:
+  Name: ppanel
+  # stdout | otlpgrpc | otlphttp（留空或 Disabled:true 则禁用）
+  Batcher: stdout
+  Endpoint: ""
+  Sampler: 1.0
+  Disabled: true
+
+# ── 站点 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Site:
+  Host: "https://your-domain.com"
+  SiteName: PPanel
+  SiteDesc: ""
+  SiteLogo: ""
+  Keywords: ""
+
+# ── JWT 验证 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Verify:
+  TurnstileSiteKey: ""
+  TurnstileSecret: ""
+  LoginVerify: false
+  RegisterVerify: false
+  ResetPasswordVerify: false
+
+VerifyCode:
+  ExpireTime: 300
+  Limit: 3
+  Interval: 60
+
+# ── 注册 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Register:
+  StopRegister: false
+  EnableIpRegisterLimit: false
+  IpRegisterLimit: 5
+  IpRegisterLimitDuration: 3600
+
+# ── 订阅 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Subscribe:
+  SingleModel: false
+  SubscribePath: /sub
+  SubscribeDomain: ""
+  PanDomain: false
+  UserAgentLimit: false
+  UserAgentList: ""
+  ShowTutorial: true
+
+# ── 邮件 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Email:
+  Enable: true
+  Platform: smtp
+  PlatformConfig: '{"host":"smtp.example.com","port":465,"user":"no-reply@example.com","pass":"smtp-password","from":"PPanel <no-reply@example.com>"}'
+  EnableVerify: true
+  EnableNotify: true
+  EnableDomainSuffix: false
+  DomainSuffixList: ""
+
+# ── 短信（可选）──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Mobile:
+  Enable: false
+  Platform: ""
+  PlatformConfig: ""
+  EnableVerify: false
+  EnableWhitelist: false
+
+# ── 设备 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Device:
+  Enable: false
+  ShowAds: false
+  EnableSecurity: false
+  OnlyRealDevice: false
+  SecuritySecret: ""
+
+# ── 节点 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Node:
+  NodeSecret: "change-me-node-secret"
+  NodePullInterval: 60
+  NodePushInterval: 60
+  TrafficReportThreshold: 0
+  IpStrategy: ""
+
+# ── 邀请 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Invite:
+  ForcedInvite: false
+  ReferralPercentage: 10
+  OnlyFirstPurchase: false
+
+# ── 货币 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Currency:
+  Unit: CNY
+  Symbol: "¥"
+  AccessKey: ""              # apilayer.com API Key（汇率换算，选填）
+
+# ── Telegram Bot（可选）──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Telegram:
+  Enable: false
+  BotId: 0
+  BotName: ""
+  BotToken: ""
+  EnableNotify: false
+  WebHookDomain: ""

crates/turnstile/Cargo.toml

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.12", features = ["json"] }
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["time"] }
+tracing = "0.1"
 uuid = { version = "1", features = ["v4"] }

crates/turnstile/src/lib.rs

@@ -54,6 +54,20 @@ pub async fn verify_with_key(
     Ok(resp.success)
 }
 
+/// Guard: verify a token and return `Err(TOO_MANY_REQUESTS)` on failure.
+///
+/// Convenience wrapper used by auth service handlers — avoids repeating the
+/// same error mapping in every caller.
+pub async fn guard(secret: &str, token: &str, ip: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let ok = verify(secret, token, ip).await.unwrap_or(false);
+    if !ok {
+        // Use a plain anyhow error with a sentinel message; callers in the
+        // main crate map this to `error_code::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS`.
+        anyhow::bail!("turnstile_failed");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Generate a random UUID suitable for use as an idempotency key.
 pub fn random_uuid() -> String {
     uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string()

src/queue/handler/mod.rs

@@ -77,11 +77,17 @@ pub fn register_all(repos: Arc<Repositories>, config: Arc<Config>) -> ServeMux {
         },
     );
 
-    // ── Quota task ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    // ── Quota task + Rate task ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
     let quota_repos = Arc::clone(&repos);
     let quota_config = Arc::clone(&config);
-    mux.handle_async_func(crate::queue::types::FORTHWITH_QUOTA_TASK, move |task| {
+    mux.handle_async_func(crate::queue::types::FORTHWITH_QUOTA_TASK, move |t| {
-        task::quota_task(task, Arc::clone(&quota_repos), Arc::clone(&quota_config))
+        task::quota_task(t, Arc::clone(&quota_repos), Arc::clone(&quota_config))
+    });
+
+    let rate_repos = Arc::clone(&repos);
+    let rate_config = Arc::clone(&config);
+    mux.handle_async_func(crate::queue::types::FORTHWITH_RATE_TASK, move |t| {
+        task::rate_task(t, Arc::clone(&rate_repos), Arc::clone(&rate_config))
     });
 
     mux

src/queue/handler/task.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use asynq::error::Result;
 use asynq::task::Task;
 
 use crate::config::Config;
-use crate::queue::service::task::QuotaTaskLogic;
+use crate::queue::service::task::{QuotaTaskLogic, RateLogic};
 use crate::repository::Repositories;
 
 pub async fn quota_task(task: Task, repos: Arc<Repositories>, config: Arc<Config>) -> Result<()> {
@@ -13,3 +13,12 @@ pub async fn quota_task(task: Task, repos: Arc<Repositories>, config: Arc<Config
         .await
         .map_err(|e| asynq::error::Error::other(e.to_string()))
 }
+
+/// Fetch the current exchange rate and persist it.
+/// Scheduled daily at 01:00 by the scheduler (mirrors `rateLogic.go`).
+pub async fn rate_task(_task: Task, repos: Arc<Repositories>, config: Arc<Config>) -> Result<()> {
+    RateLogic::new(repos, config)
+        .execute()
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| asynq::error::Error::other(e.to_string()))
+}

src/queue/service/task.rs

@@ -250,3 +250,57 @@ impl QuotaTaskLogic {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
+
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// RateLogic — port of `server/queue/logic/task/rateLogic.go`
+// Fetches the current exchange rate for the site currency and caches it.
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+pub struct RateLogic {
+    repos: Arc<Repositories>,
+    config: Arc<Config>,
+}
+
+impl RateLogic {
+    pub fn new(repos: Arc<Repositories>, config: Arc<Config>) -> Self {
+        Self { repos, config }
+    }
+
+    /// Fetch exchange rate from apilayer.com and cache it in Redis.
+    ///
+    /// Skips silently when `Currency.AccessKey` is not configured.
+    pub async fn execute(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        let access_key = &self.config.currency.access_key;
+        if access_key.is_empty() {
+            tracing::debug!("[RateLogic] skip: no Currency.AccessKey configured");
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let from = &self.config.currency.unit;
+        if from.is_empty() || from.to_uppercase() == "CNY" {
+            // Already in base currency — rate is 1.0, nothing to fetch.
+            tracing::debug!("[RateLogic] skip: currency unit is CNY or empty");
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        match crate::exchange_rate::convert(from, "CNY", 1.0, access_key).await {
+            Ok(rate) => {
+                tracing::info!(
+                    "[RateLogic] exchange rate {from}→CNY = {rate:.6}"
+                );
+                // Persist rate to system config table.
+                let _ = self
+                    .repos
+                    .system
+                    .update_value_by_category_key("currency", "exchange_rate", &rate.to_string())
+                    .await
+                    .map_err(|e| tracing::warn!("[RateLogic] persist rate failed: {e}"));
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::error!("[RateLogic] fetch exchange rate failed: {e}");
+                return Err(e);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/queue/types.rs

@@ -28,3 +28,5 @@ pub const FORTHWITH_TRAFFIC_STATISTICS: &str = "forthwith:traffic:statistics";
 
 // ── task / quota ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 pub const FORTHWITH_QUOTA_TASK: &str = "forthwith:quota:task";
+/// Daily exchange-rate refresh (mirrors Go `ForthwithRateTask`).
+pub const FORTHWITH_RATE_TASK: &str = "forthwith:rate:task";

src/service/auth/mod.rs

@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ pub mod telephone_user_register_service;
 pub mod trial_cache;
 pub mod user_login_service;
 pub mod user_register_service;
+pub mod utils;

src/service/auth/reset_password_service.rs

@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ impl ResetPasswordService {
         &self,
         req: ResetPasswordRequest,
     ) -> Result<LoginResponse, anyhow::Error> {
+        // Turnstile (mirrors Go: Verify.ResetPasswordVerify && !Debug)
+        super::utils::check_turnstile(
+            self.config.verify.reset_password_verify && self.config.model != "dev",
+            &self.config.verify.turnstile_secret,
+            &req.cf_token,
+            &req.ip,
+        ).await?;
+
         let cache_key = format!("{}:2:{}", AUTH_CODE_CACHE_KEY, req.email);
         let cached = self
             .cache

src/service/auth/telephone_login_service.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ impl TelephoneLoginService {
     }
 
     pub async fn login(&self, req: TelephoneLoginRequest) -> Result<LoginResponse, anyhow::Error> {
+        // Turnstile (mirrors Go: Verify.LoginVerify && !Debug)
+        super::utils::check_turnstile(
+            self.config.verify.login_verify && self.config.model != "dev",
+            &self.config.verify.turnstile_secret,
+            &req.cf_token,
+            &req.ip,
+        ).await?;
+
         let phone = format!("+{}{}", req.telephone_area_code, req.telephone);
 
         let auth_method = self.repos.user.find_auth_method_by_open_id("mobile", &phone).await

src/service/auth/telephone_reset_password_service.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,14 @@ impl TelephoneResetPasswordService {
     }
 
     pub async fn reset(&self, req: TelephoneResetPasswordRequest) -> Result<LoginResponse, anyhow::Error> {
+        // Turnstile (mirrors Go: Verify.ResetPasswordVerify && !Debug)
+        super::utils::check_turnstile(
+            self.config.verify.reset_password_verify && self.config.model != "dev",
+            &self.config.verify.turnstile_secret,
+            &req.cf_token,
+            &req.ip,
+        ).await?;
+
         let phone = format!("+{}{}", req.telephone_area_code, req.telephone);
 
         let cache_key = format!("{}:{}", crate::config::cache_key::AUTH_CODE_TELEPHONE_CACHE_KEY, phone);

src/service/auth/telephone_user_register_service.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,14 @@ impl TelephoneUserRegisterService {
     }
 
     pub async fn register(&self, req: TelephoneRegisterRequest) -> Result<LoginResponse, anyhow::Error> {
+        // Turnstile (mirrors Go: Verify.RegisterVerify && !Debug)
+        super::utils::check_turnstile(
+            self.config.verify.register_verify && self.config.model != "dev",
+            &self.config.verify.turnstile_secret,
+            &req.cf_token,
+            &req.ip,
+        ).await?;
+
         if self.config.register.stop_register {
             return Err(anyhow!(CodeError::new_err_code(error_code::STOP_REGISTER)));
         }

src/service/auth/user_login_service.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ impl UserLoginService {
     }
 
     pub async fn login(&self, req: UserLoginRequest) -> Result<LoginResponse, anyhow::Error> {
+        // Turnstile verification (mirrors Go: Verify.LoginVerify && !Debug)
+        super::utils::check_turnstile(
+            self.config.verify.login_verify && self.config.model != "dev",
+            &self.config.verify.turnstile_secret,
+            &req.cf_token,
+            &req.ip,
+        ).await?;
+
         let user = self
             .repos.user.find_one_by_email(&req.email).await
             .map_err(|_| anyhow!(CodeError::new_err_code(error_code::DATABASE_QUERY_ERROR)))?

src/service/auth/user_register_service.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,14 @@ impl UserRegisterService {
     }
 
     pub async fn register(&self, req: UserRegisterRequest) -> Result<LoginResponse, anyhow::Error> {
+        // Turnstile (mirrors Go: Verify.RegisterVerify && !Debug)
+        super::utils::check_turnstile(
+            self.config.verify.register_verify && self.config.model != "dev",
+            &self.config.verify.turnstile_secret,
+            &req.cf_token,
+            &req.ip,
+        ).await?;
+
         let cfg = &self.config.register;
 
         if cfg.stop_register {

src/service/auth/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//! Shared helpers for auth services.
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use result::code_error::CodeError;
+use result::error_code;
+
+/// Verify a Cloudflare Turnstile token.
+///
+/// Returns `Err(TOO_MANY_REQUESTS)` when verification fails.
+/// Call-site guards the `debug` flag — pass `enabled = config.verify.login_verify && config.model != "dev"`.
+pub async fn check_turnstile(
+    enabled: bool,
+    secret: &str,
+    token: &str,
+    ip: &str,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    if !enabled {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    let ok = turnstile::verify(secret, token, ip).await.unwrap_or(false);
+    if !ok {
+        return Err(anyhow!(CodeError::new_err_code(error_code::TOO_MANY_REQUESTS)));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}