diff --git a/internal/logic/auth/bindDeviceLogic.go b/internal/logic/auth/bindDeviceLogic.go
index 40110a3..391c080 100644
--- a/internal/logic/auth/bindDeviceLogic.go
+++ b/internal/logic/auth/bindDeviceLogic.go
@@ -107,8 +107,9 @@ func (l *BindDeviceLogic) createDeviceForUser(identifier, ip, userAgent string,
 
 		// Create device record
 		deviceInfo := &user.Device{
-			Ip:         ip,
-			UserId:     userId,
+			Ip:     ip,
+			UserId: userId,
+
 			UserAgent:  userAgent,
 			Identifier: identifier,
 			Enabled:    true,
@@ -145,11 +146,57 @@ func (l *BindDeviceLogic) createDeviceForUser(identifier, ip, userAgent string,
 
 func (l *BindDeviceLogic) rebindDeviceToNewUser(deviceInfo *user.Device, ip, userAgent string, newUserId int64) error {
 	oldUserId := deviceInfo.UserId
+	var users []*user.User
+	err := l.svcCtx.DB.Where("id in (?)", []int64{oldUserId, newUserId}).Find(&users).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		l.Errorw("failed to query users for rebinding",
+			logger.Field("old_user_id", oldUserId),
+			logger.Field("new_user_id", newUserId),
+			logger.Field("error", err.Error()),
+		)
+		return errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "query users failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	err = l.svcCtx.UserModel.Transaction(l.ctx, func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		//检查旧设备是否存在认证方式
+		var authMethod user.AuthMethods
+		err := tx.Where("auth_type = ? AND auth_identifier = ?", "device", deviceInfo.Identifier).Find(&authMethod).Error
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			l.Errorw("failed to query device auth method",
+				logger.Field("identifier", deviceInfo.Identifier),
+				logger.Field("error", err.Error()),
+			)
+			return errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "query device auth method failed: %v", err)
+		}
 
-	err := l.svcCtx.UserModel.Transaction(l.ctx, func(db *gorm.DB) error {
-		// Check if old user has other auth methods besides device
+		//未找到设备认证方式信息，创建新的设备认证方式
+		if err != nil {
+			authMethod = user.AuthMethods{
+				UserId:         newUserId,
+				AuthType:       "device",
+				AuthIdentifier: deviceInfo.Identifier,
+				Verified:       true,
+			}
+			logger.Infof("create auth method: %v", authMethod)
+			if err := tx.Create(&authMethod).Error; err != nil {
+				l.Errorw("failed to create device auth method", logger.Field("new_user_id", newUserId),
+					logger.Field("error", err.Error()))
+				return errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseInsertError), "create device auth method failed: %v", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			//更新设备认证方式的用户ID为新用户ID
+			authMethod.UserId = newUserId
+			if err := tx.Save(&authMethod).Error; err != nil {
+				l.Errorw("failed to update device auth method",
+					logger.Field("identifier", deviceInfo.Identifier),
+					logger.Field("error", err.Error()),
+				)
+				return errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseUpdateError), "update device auth method failed: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		//检查旧用户是否还有其他认证方式
 		var count int64
-		if err := db.Where("user_id = ? and  auth_identifier != ?", oldUserId, deviceInfo.Identifier).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := tx.Model(&user.AuthMethods{}).Where("user_id = ?", oldUserId).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
 			l.Errorw("failed to query auth methods for old user",
 				logger.Field("old_user_id", oldUserId),
 				logger.Field("error", err.Error()),
@@ -157,50 +204,33 @@ func (l *BindDeviceLogic) rebindDeviceToNewUser(deviceInfo *user.Device, ip, use
 			return errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "query auth methods failed: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		// Only disable old user if they have no other auth methods
-		if count == 0 {
-			if err := db.Model(&user.User{}).Where("id = ?", oldUserId).Delete(&user.User{}).Error; err != nil {
+		//如果没有其他认证方式，禁用旧用户账号
+		if count < 1 {
+			if err := tx.Model(&user.User{}).Where("id = ?", oldUserId).Delete(&user.User{}).Error; err != nil {
 				l.Errorw("failed to disable old user",
 					logger.Field("old_user_id", oldUserId),
 					logger.Field("error", err.Error()),
 				)
 				return errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseUpdateError), "disable old user failed: %v", err)
 			}
-			l.Infow("disabled old user (no other auth methods)",
-				logger.Field("old_user_id", oldUserId),
-			)
-		} else {
-			l.Infow("old user has other auth methods, not disabling",
-				logger.Field("old_user_id", oldUserId),
-				logger.Field("non_device_auth_count", count),
-			)
 		}
 
-		// Update device auth method to new user
-		if err := db.Model(&user.AuthMethods{}).
-			Where("auth_type = ? AND auth_identifier = ?", "device", deviceInfo.Identifier).
-			Update("user_id", newUserId).Error; err != nil {
-			l.Errorw("failed to update device auth method",
-				logger.Field("identifier", deviceInfo.Identifier),
-				logger.Field("error", err.Error()),
-			)
-			return errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseUpdateError), "update device auth method failed: %v", err)
-		}
+		l.Infow("disabled old user (no other auth methods)",
+			logger.Field("old_user_id", oldUserId),
+		)
 
-		// Update device record
+		// 更新设备绑定的用户id
 		deviceInfo.UserId = newUserId
 		deviceInfo.Ip = ip
 		deviceInfo.UserAgent = userAgent
 		deviceInfo.Enabled = true
-
-		if err := db.Save(deviceInfo).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := tx.Save(deviceInfo).Error; err != nil {
 			l.Errorw("failed to update device",
 				logger.Field("identifier", deviceInfo.Identifier),
 				logger.Field("error", err.Error()),
 			)
 			return errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseUpdateError), "update device failed: %v", err)
 		}
-
 		return nil
 	})
 
@@ -214,6 +244,15 @@ func (l *BindDeviceLogic) rebindDeviceToNewUser(deviceInfo *user.Device, ip, use
 		return err
 	}
 
+	err = l.svcCtx.UserModel.ClearUserCache(l.ctx, users...)
+	if err != nil {
+		l.Errorw("failed to clear user cache after rebinding",
+			logger.Field("old_user_id", oldUserId),
+			logger.Field("new_user_id", newUserId),
+			logger.Field("error", err.Error()),
+		)
+	}
+
 	l.Infow("device rebound successfully",
 		logger.Field("identifier", deviceInfo.Identifier),
 		logger.Field("old_user_id", oldUserId),