add: 新增ci diamanté

.gitea/workflows /docker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+name: Build docker and publish
+run-name: 简化的Docker构建和部署流程
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - internal
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - internal
+
+env:
+  # Docker镜像仓库
+  REPO: ${{ vars.REPO || 'registry.kxsw.us/vpn-server' }}
+  # SSH连接信息 (根据分支自动选择)
+  SSH_HOST: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' && vars.SSH_HOST || vars.DEV_SSH_HOST }}
+  SSH_PORT: ${{ vars.SSH_PORT }}
+  SSH_USER: ${{ vars.SSH_USER }}
+  SSH_PASSWORD: ${{ github.ref_name == 'main' && vars.SSH_PASSWORD || vars.DEV_SSH_PASSWORD }}
+  # TG通知
+  TG_BOT_TOKEN: 8114337882:AAHkEx03HSu7RxN4IHBJJEnsK9aPPzNLIk0
+  TG_CHAT_ID: "-49402438031"
+  # Go构建变量
+  SERVICE: vpn
+  SERVICE_STYLE: vpn
+  VERSION: ${{ github.sha }}
+  BUILDTIME: ${{ github.event.head_commit.timestamp }}
+  GOARCH: amd64
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ario-server
+    container:
+      image: node:20
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # 只有node支持版本号别名
+        node: ['20.15.1']
+    steps:
+      # 步骤1: 下载代码
+      - name: 📥 下载代码
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        
+      # 步骤2: 设置动态环境变量
+      - name: ⚙️ 设置动态环境变量
+        run: |
+          if [ "${{ github.ref_name }}" = "main" ]; then
+            echo "DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX=latest" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "CONTAINER_NAME=ppanel-server" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "DEPLOY_PATH=/root/bindbox" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "为 main 分支设置生产环境变量"
+          elif [ "${{ github.ref_name }}" = "internal" ]; then
+            echo "DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX=internal" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "CONTAINER_NAME=ppanel-server-internal" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "DEPLOY_PATH=/root/bindbox" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "为 internal 分支设置开发环境变量"
+          else
+            echo "DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX=${{ github.ref_name }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "CONTAINER_NAME=ppanel-server-${{ github.ref_name }}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "DEPLOY_PATH=/root/vpn_server_other" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+            echo "为其他分支 (${{ github.ref_name }}) 设置环境变量"
+          fi
+        
+      # 步骤3: 安装系统工具 (curl, jq) 并升级 Docker CLI 到 1.44+
+      - name: 🔧 安装系统工具并升级 Docker CLI
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+          echo "等待 apt/dpkg 锁释放 (unattended-upgrades)..."
+          end=$((SECONDS+300))
+          while true; do
+            LOCKS_BUSY=0
+            if pgrep -x unattended-upgrades >/dev/null 2>&1; then LOCKS_BUSY=1; fi
+            if command -v fuser >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+              if fuser /var/lib/dpkg/lock >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+                || fuser /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+                || fuser /var/lib/apt/lists/lock >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+                LOCKS_BUSY=1
+              fi
+            fi
+            if [ "$LOCKS_BUSY" -eq 0 ]; then break; fi
+            if [ $SECONDS -ge $end ]; then
+              echo "等待 apt/dpkg 锁超时，使用 Dpkg::Lock::Timeout 继续..."
+              break
+            fi
+            echo "仍在等待锁释放..."; sleep 5
+          done
+
+          # 基础工具
+          apt-get update -y -o Dpkg::Lock::Timeout=600
+          apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Lock::Timeout=600 jq curl ca-certificates gnupg lsb-release
+
+          # 移除旧版 docker.io，避免客户端过旧 (API 1.41)
+          if dpkg -s docker.io >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            apt-get remove -y docker.io || true
+          fi
+
+          # 安装 Docker 官方仓库的 CLI (确保 API >= 1.44)
+          distro_codename=$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")
+          install_repo="deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian ${distro_codename} stable"
+          mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
+          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+          echo "$install_repo" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
+          apt-get update -y -o Dpkg::Lock::Timeout=600
+          apt-get install -y -o Dpkg::Lock::Timeout=600 docker-ce-cli docker-buildx-plugin
+
+          # 版本检查
+          docker --version || true
+          docker version || true
+          echo "客户端 API 版本:" $(docker version --format '{{.Client.APIVersion}}')
+        
+      # 步骤4: 构建并发布到镜像仓库
+      - name: 📤 构建并发布到镜像仓库
+        run: |
+          echo "开始构建并推送镜像..."
+          echo "仓库: ${{ env.REPO }}"
+          echo "版本标签: ${{ env.VERSION }}"
+          echo "分支标签: ${{ env.DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX }}"
+
+          # 构建镜像，同时打上版本和分支两个标签
+          docker build -f Dockerfile \
+            --platform linux/amd64 \
+            --build-arg TARGETARCH=amd64 \
+            --build-arg VERSION=${{ env.VERSION }} \
+            --build-arg BUILDTIME=${{ env.BUILDTIME }} \
+            -t ${{ env.REPO }}:${{ env.VERSION }} \
+            -t ${{ env.REPO }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX }} \
+            .
+          
+          echo "推送版本标签镜像: ${{ env.REPO }}:${{ env.VERSION }}"
+          docker push ${{ env.REPO }}:${{ env.VERSION }}
+          
+          echo "推送分支标签镜像: ${{ env.REPO }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX }}"
+          docker push ${{ env.REPO }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX }}
+          
+          echo "镜像推送完成"
+          
+      # 调试: 打印 SSH 连接信息
+      - name: 🔍 调试 - 打印 SSH 连接信息
+        run: |
+          echo "========== SSH 连接信息调试 =========="
+          echo "当前分支: ${{ github.ref_name }}"
+          echo "SSH_HOST: ${{ env.SSH_HOST }}"
+          echo "SSH_PORT: ${{ env.SSH_PORT }}"
+          echo "SSH_USER: ${{ env.SSH_USER }}"
+          echo "SSH_PASSWORD 长度: ${#SSH_PASSWORD}"
+          echo "SSH_PASSWORD 前3位: $(echo "$SSH_PASSWORD" | cut -c1-3)***"
+          echo "SSH_PASSWORD 完整值: ${{ env.SSH_PASSWORD }}"
+          echo "DEPLOY_PATH: ${{ env.DEPLOY_PATH }}"
+          echo "====================================="
+
+      # 步骤5: 传输配置文件
+      - name: 📂 传输配置文件
+        uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
+        with:
+          host: ${{ env.SSH_HOST }}
+          username: ${{ env.SSH_USER }}
+          password: ${{ env.SSH_PASSWORD }}
+          port: ${{ env.SSH_PORT }}
+          source: "docker-compose.cloud.yml"
+          target: "${{ env.DEPLOY_PATH }}/"
+
+      # 步骤6: 连接服务器更新并启动
+      - name: 🚀 连接服务器更新并启动
+        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
+        with:
+          host: ${{ env.SSH_HOST }}
+          username: ${{ env.SSH_USER }}
+          password: ${{ env.SSH_PASSWORD }}
+          port: ${{ env.SSH_PORT }}
+          timeout: 300s
+          command_timeout: 600s
+          script: |
+            echo "连接服务器成功，开始部署..."
+            echo "部署目录: ${{ env.DEPLOY_PATH }}"
+            echo "部署标签: ${{ env.DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX }}"
+
+            # 进入部署目录
+            cd ${{ env.DEPLOY_PATH }}
+            
+            # 创建/更新环境变量文件
+            echo "PPANEL_SERVER_TAG=${{ env.DOCKER_TAG_SUFFIX }}" > .env
+            
+            # 拉取最新镜像
+            echo "📥 拉取镜像..."
+            docker-compose -f docker-compose.cloud.yml pull ppanel-server
+            
+            # 启动服务
+            echo "🚀 启动服务..."
+            docker-compose -f docker-compose.cloud.yml up -d ppanel-server
+            
+            # 清理未使用的镜像
+            docker image prune -f || true
+            
+            echo "✅ 部署命令执行完成"
+            
+      # 步骤6: TG通知 (成功)
+      - name: 📱 发送成功通知到Telegram
+        if: success()
+        uses: appleboy/telegram-action@master
+        with:
+          token: ${{ env.TG_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          to: ${{ env.TG_CHAT_ID }}
+          message: |
+            ✅ 部署成功！
+            
+            📦 项目: ${{ github.repository }}
+            🌿 分支: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+            📝 提交: ${{ github.sha }}
+            👤 提交者: ${{ github.actor }}
+            🕐 时间: ${{ github.event.head_commit.timestamp }}
+            
+            🚀 服务已成功部署到生产环境
+          parse_mode: Markdown
+          
+      # 步骤5: TG通知 (失败)
+      - name: 📱 发送失败通知到Telegram
+        if: failure()
+        uses: appleboy/telegram-action@master
+        with:
+          token: ${{ env.TG_BOT_TOKEN }}
+          to: ${{ env.TG_CHAT_ID }}
+          message: |
+            ❌ 部署失败！
+            
+            📦 项目: ${{ github.repository }}
+            🌿 分支: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+            📝 提交: ${{ github.sha }}
+            👤 提交者: ${{ github.actor }}
+            🕐 时间: ${{ github.event.head_commit.timestamp }}
+            
+            ⚠️ 请检查构建日志获取详细信息
+          parse_mode: Markdown
+          

.github/environments/production.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Production Environment Configuration for GitHub Actions
+# This file defines production-specific deployment settings
+
+environment:
+  name: production
+  url: https://api.ppanel.example.com
+  protection_rules:
+    - type: wait_timer
+      minutes: 5
+    - type: reviewers
+      reviewers:
+        - "@admin-team"
+        - "@devops-team"
+  variables:
+    ENVIRONMENT: production
+    LOG_LEVEL: info
+    DEPLOY_TIMEOUT: 300
+
+# Environment-specific secrets required:
+# PRODUCTION_HOST - Production server hostname/IP
+# PRODUCTION_USER - SSH username for production server
+# PRODUCTION_SSH_KEY - SSH private key for production server
+# PRODUCTION_PORT - SSH port (default: 22)
+# PRODUCTION_URL - Application URL for health checks
+# DATABASE_PASSWORD - Production database password
+# REDIS_PASSWORD - Production Redis password
+# JWT_SECRET - JWT secret key for production

.github/environments/staging.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Staging Environment Configuration for GitHub Actions
+# This file defines staging-specific deployment settings
+
+environment:
+  name: staging
+  url: https://staging-api.ppanel.example.com
+  protection_rules:
+    - type: wait_timer
+      minutes: 2
+  variables:
+    ENVIRONMENT: staging
+    LOG_LEVEL: debug
+    DEPLOY_TIMEOUT: 180
+
+# Environment-specific secrets required:
+# STAGING_HOST - Staging server hostname/IP
+# STAGING_USER - SSH username for staging server
+# STAGING_SSH_KEY - SSH private key for staging server
+# STAGING_PORT - SSH port (default: 22)
+# STAGING_URL - Application URL for health checks
+# DATABASE_PASSWORD - Staging database password
+# REDIS_PASSWORD - Staging Redis password
+# JWT_SECRET - JWT secret key for staging

.github/workflows/deploy-linux.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+name: Build Linux Binary
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main, master ]
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      version:
+        description: 'Version to build (leave empty for auto)'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build Linux Binary
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.23.3'
+          cache: true
+
+      - name: Build
+        env:
+          CGO_ENABLED: 0
+          GOOS: linux
+          GOARCH: amd64
+        run: |
+          VERSION=${{ github.event.inputs.version }}
+          if [ -z "$VERSION" ]; then
+            VERSION=$(git describe --tags --always --dirty)
+          fi
+
+          echo "Building ppanel-server $VERSION"
+          BUILD_TIME=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S")
+          go build -ldflags="-w -s -X github.com/perfect-panel/server/pkg/constant.Version=$VERSION -X github.com/perfect-panel/server/pkg/constant.BuildTime=$BUILD_TIME" -o ppanel-server ./ppanel.go
+          tar -czf ppanel-server-${VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz ppanel-server
+          sha256sum ppanel-server ppanel-server-${VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz > checksum.txt
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ppanel-server-linux-amd64
+          path: |
+            ppanel-server
+            ppanel-server-*-linux-amd64.tar.gz
+            checksum.txt
+
+      - name: Create Release
+        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+
+          # Check if release exists
+          if gh release view $VERSION >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            echo "Release $VERSION already exists, deleting old assets..."
+            # Delete existing assets if they exist
+            gh release delete-asset $VERSION ppanel-server-${VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz --yes 2>/dev/null || true
+            gh release delete-asset $VERSION checksum.txt --yes 2>/dev/null || true
+          else
+            echo "Creating new release $VERSION..."
+            gh release create $VERSION --title "PPanel Server $VERSION" --notes "Release $VERSION"
+          fi
+
+          # Upload assets (will overwrite if --clobber is supported, otherwise will fail gracefully)
+          echo "Uploading assets..."
+          gh release upload $VERSION ppanel-server-${VERSION}-linux-amd64.tar.gz checksum.txt --clobber

.run/go build github.com_perfect-panel_server.run.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="go build github.com/perfect-panel/server" type="GoApplicationRunConfiguration" factoryName="Go Application" nameIsGenerated="true">
+    <module name="server" />
+    <working_directory value="$PROJECT_DIR$" />
+    <parameters value="run --config etc/ppanel-dev.yaml" />
+    <kind value="PACKAGE" />
+    <package value="github.com/perfect-panel/server" />
+    <directory value="$PROJECT_DIR$" />
+    <filePath value="$PROJECT_DIR$/ppanel.go" />
+    <method v="2" />
+  </configuration>
+</component>

README.md

@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ proxy services. Built with Go, it emphasizes performance, security, and scalabil
 - **Node Management**: Monitor and control server nodes.
 - **API Framework**: Comprehensive RESTful APIs for frontend integration.
 
+### Subscription Mode Behavior
+
+The subscription behavior can be switched by the backend config `Subscribe.SingleModel`:
+
+- `false` (**multi-subscription mode**): each successful `purchase` creates a new `user_subscribe` record.
+- `true` (**single-subscription mode**): `purchase` is auto-routed to renewal semantics when the user already has a paid subscription:
+  - a new order is still created,
+  - but the existing subscription is extended (instead of creating another `user_subscribe`).
+
 ## 🚀 Quick Start
 
 ### Prerequisites

docker-compose.cloud.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+# PPanel 服务部署 (云端/无源码版)
+# 使用方法: 
+# 1. 确保已将 docker-compose.cloud.yml, configs/, loki/, grafana/, prometheus/ 目录上传到服务器同一目录
+# 2. 确保 configs/ 目录下有 ppanel.yaml 配置文件
+# 3. 确保 logs/ 目录存在 (mkdir logs)
+# 4. 运行: docker-compose -f docker-compose.cloud.yml up -d
+
+services:
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 1. 业务后端 (PPanel Server)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  ppanel-server:
+    image: registry.kxsw.us/vpn-server:${PPANEL_SERVER_TAG:-latest}
+    container_name: ppanel-server
+    restart: always
+    volumes:
+      - ./configs:/app/etc
+      - ./logs:/app/logs
+    environment:
+      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
+      # 链路追踪配置 (OTLP)
+      - OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT=http://127.0.0.1:4317
+      - OTEL_SERVICE_NAME=ppanel-server
+      - OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER=otlp
+      - OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER=prometheus # 指标由 tempo 抓取，不使用 OTLP
+    network_mode: host
+    ulimits:
+      nproc: 65535
+      nofile:
+        soft: 65535
+        hard: 65535
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+    depends_on:
+      - mysql
+      - redis
+      - tempo
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 14. Tempo (链路追踪存储 - 替代/增强 Jaeger)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  tempo:
+    image: grafana/tempo:2.4.1
+    container_name: ppanel-tempo
+    user: root
+    restart: always
+    command:
+      - "-config.file=/etc/tempo.yaml"
+      - "-target=all"
+    volumes:
+      - ./tempo/tempo-config.yaml:/etc/tempo.yaml #      - tempo_data:/var/tempo
+      - ./tempo_data:/var/tempo # 改为映射到当前目录，确保数据彻底干净
+
+    ports:
+      - "3200:3200"
+      - "4317:4317"
+      - "4318:4318"
+      - "9095:9095"
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 2. MySQL Database
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  mysql:
+    image: mysql:8.0
+    container_name: ppanel-mysql
+    restart: always
+    ports:
+      - "3306:3306" # 临时开放外部访问，用完记得关闭！
+    environment:
+      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "jpcV41ppanel" # 请修改为强密码
+      MYSQL_DATABASE: "ppanel"
+      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
+    command:
+      - --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
+      - --innodb_buffer_pool_size=16G
+      - --innodb_buffer_pool_instances=16
+      - --innodb_log_file_size=2G
+      - --innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2
+      - --innodb_io_capacity=5000
+      - --max_connections=5000
+    volumes:
+      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
+    ulimits:
+      nproc: 65535
+      nofile:
+        soft: 65535
+        hard: 65535
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 3. Redis
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  redis:
+    image: redis:8.2.1
+    container_name: ppanel-redis
+    restart: always
+    ports:
+      - "6379:6379"
+    command:
+      - redis-server
+      - --tcp-backlog 65535
+      - --maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
+    volumes:
+      - redis_data:/data
+    ulimits:
+      nproc: 65535
+      nofile:
+        soft: 65535
+        hard: 65535
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 4. Loki (日志存储)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  loki:
+    image: grafana/loki:3.0.0
+    container_name: ppanel-loki
+    restart: always
+    volumes:
+      # 必须上传 loki 目录到服务器
+      - ./loki/loki-config.yaml:/etc/loki/local-config.yaml
+      - loki_data:/loki
+    command: -config.file=/etc/loki/local-config.yaml
+    ports:
+      - "3100:3100"
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 5. Promtail (日志采集)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  promtail:
+    image: grafana/promtail:3.0.0
+    container_name: ppanel-promtail
+    restart: always
+    volumes:
+      - ./loki/promtail-config.yaml:/etc/promtail/config.yaml
+      - /var/lib/docker/containers:/var/lib/docker/containers:ro
+      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
+      # 采集当前目录下的 logs 文件夹
+      - ./logs:/var/log/ppanel-server:ro
+      # 采集 Nginx 访问日志（用于追踪邀请码来源）
+      - /var/log/nginx:/var/log/nginx:ro
+    command: -config.file=/etc/promtail/config.yaml
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    depends_on:
+      - loki
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 6. Grafana (日志界面)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  grafana:
+    image: grafana/grafana:latest
+    container_name: ppanel-grafana
+    restart: always
+    ports:
+      - "3333:3000"
+    environment:
+      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
+      - GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=false
+      - GF_FEATURE_TOGGLES_ENABLE=appObservability #- GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS=redis-datasource
+    volumes:
+      - grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
+      - ./grafana/provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning
+    extra_hosts:
+      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    depends_on:
+      - loki
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 7. Prometheus (指标采集)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  prometheus:
+    image: prom/prometheus:latest
+    container_name: ppanel-prometheus
+    restart: always
+    ports:
+      - "9090:9090" # 暴露端口便于调试
+    volumes:
+      - ./prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
+      - prometheus_data:/prometheus
+    extra_hosts:
+      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
+    command:
+      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
+      - '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
+      - '--web.enable-lifecycle'
+      - '--web.enable-remote-write-receiver'
+
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 8. Redis Exporter (Redis指标导出)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  redis-exporter:
+    image: oliver006/redis_exporter:latest
+    container_name: ppanel-redis-exporter
+    restart: always
+    environment:
+      - REDIS_ADDR=redis://redis:6379
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    depends_on:
+      - redis
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 9. Nginx Exporter (监控宿主机 Nginx)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  nginx-exporter:
+    image: nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter:latest
+    container_name: ppanel-nginx-exporter
+    restart: always
+    # 使用 host.docker.internal 访问宿主机
+    command:
+      - -nginx.scrape-uri=http://host.docker.internal:8090/nginx_status
+    extra_hosts:
+      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 10. MySQL Exporter (MySQL指标导出)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  mysql-exporter:
+    image: prom/mysqld-exporter:latest
+    container_name: ppanel-mysql-exporter
+    restart: always
+    command:
+      - --config.my-cnf=/etc/.my.cnf
+    volumes:
+      - ./mysql/.my.cnf:/etc/.my.cnf:ro
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    depends_on:
+      - mysql
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 12. Node Exporter (宿主机监控)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  node-exporter:
+    image: prom/node-exporter:latest
+    container_name: ppanel-node-exporter
+    restart: always
+    volumes:
+      - /proc:/host/proc:ro
+      - /sys:/host/sys:ro
+      - /:/rootfs:ro
+    command:
+      - '--path.procfs=/host/proc'
+      - '--path.sysfs=/host/sys'
+      - '--collector.filesystem.mount-points-exclude=^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($$|/)'
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  # 13. cAdvisor (容器监控)
+  # ----------------------------------------------------
+  cadvisor:
+    image: gcr.io/cadvisor/cadvisor:latest
+    container_name: ppanel-cadvisor
+    restart: always
+    volumes:
+      - /:/rootfs:ro
+      - /var/run:/var/run:ro
+      - /sys:/sys:ro
+      - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro
+      - /dev/disk/:/dev/disk:ro
+    networks:
+      - ppanel_net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "3"
+
+volumes:
+  mysql_data:
+  redis_data:
+  loki_data:
+  grafana_data:
+  prometheus_data:
+  tempo_data:
+
+
+networks:
+  ppanel_net:
+    name: ppanel_net
+    driver: bridge

internal/logic/public/order/preCreateOrderLogic.go

@@ -50,15 +50,39 @@ func (l *PreCreateOrderLogic) PreCreateOrder(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (r
 		req.Quantity = 1
 	}
 
+	targetSubscribeID := req.SubscribeId
+	isSingleModeRenewal := false
+	if l.svcCtx.Config.Subscribe.SingleModel {
+		anchorSub, anchorErr := l.svcCtx.UserModel.FindSingleModeAnchorSubscribe(l.ctx, u.Id)
+		switch {
+		case anchorErr == nil && anchorSub != nil:
+			targetSubscribeID = anchorSub.SubscribeId
+			isSingleModeRenewal = true
+			if req.SubscribeId != targetSubscribeID {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.SingleSubscribePlanMismatch), "single subscribe mode plan mismatch")
+			}
+			l.Infow("[PreCreateOrder] single mode purchase routed to renewal preview",
+				logger.Field("mode", "single"),
+				logger.Field("route", "purchase_to_renewal"),
+				logger.Field("anchor_user_subscribe_id", anchorSub.Id),
+				logger.Field("user_id", u.Id),
+			)
+		case errors.Is(anchorErr, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):
+		case anchorErr != nil:
+			l.Errorw("[PreCreateOrder] Database query error", logger.Field("error", anchorErr.Error()), logger.Field("user_id", u.Id))
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "find single mode anchor subscribe error: %v", anchorErr.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
 	// find subscribe plan
-	sub, err := l.svcCtx.SubscribeModel.FindOne(l.ctx, req.SubscribeId)
+	sub, err := l.svcCtx.SubscribeModel.FindOne(l.ctx, targetSubscribeID)
 	if err != nil {
-		l.Errorw("[PreCreateOrder] Database query error", logger.Field("error", err.Error()), logger.Field("subscribe_id", req.SubscribeId))
+		l.Errorw("[PreCreateOrder] Database query error", logger.Field("error", err.Error()), logger.Field("subscribe_id", targetSubscribeID))
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "find subscribe error: %v", err.Error())
 	}
 
-	// check subscribe plan quota limit
+	// check subscribe plan quota limit for new purchase flow only
-	if sub.Quota > 0 {
+	if !isSingleModeRenewal && sub.Quota > 0 {
 		userSub, err := l.svcCtx.UserModel.QueryUserSubscribe(l.ctx, u.Id)
 		if err != nil {
 			l.Errorw("[PreCreateOrder] Database query error", logger.Field("error", err.Error()), logger.Field("user_id", u.Id))
@@ -66,7 +90,7 @@ func (l *PreCreateOrderLogic) PreCreateOrder(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (r
 		}
 		var count int64
 		for _, v := range userSub {
-			if v.SubscribeId == req.SubscribeId {
+			if v.SubscribeId == targetSubscribeID {
 				count++
 			}
 		}
@@ -112,7 +136,7 @@ func (l *PreCreateOrderLogic) PreCreateOrder(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (r
 		}
 
 		couponSub := tool.StringToInt64Slice(couponInfo.Subscribe)
-		if len(couponSub) > 0 && !tool.Contains(couponSub, req.SubscribeId) {
+		if len(couponSub) > 0 && !tool.Contains(couponSub, targetSubscribeID) {
 			return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.CouponNotApplicable), "coupon not match")
 		}
 		couponAmount = calculateCoupon(amount, couponInfo)

internal/logic/public/order/purchaseLogic.go

@@ -65,34 +65,44 @@ func (l *PurchaseLogic) Purchase(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (resp *types.P
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.InvalidParams), "quantity exceeds maximum limit of %d", MaxQuantity)
 	}
 
-	// find user subscription
+	targetSubscribeID := req.SubscribeId
-	userSub, err := l.svcCtx.UserModel.QueryUserSubscribe(l.ctx, u.Id)
+	orderType := uint8(1)
-	if err != nil {
+	parentOrderID := int64(0)
-		l.Errorw("[Purchase] Database query error", logger.Field("error", err.Error()), logger.Field("user_id", u.Id))
+	subscribeToken := ""
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "find user subscription error: %v", err.Error())
+	anchorUserSubscribeID := int64(0)
-	}
+	isSingleModeRenewal := false
 	if l.svcCtx.Config.Subscribe.SingleModel {
-		if len(userSub) > 0 {
+		anchorSub, anchorErr := l.svcCtx.UserModel.FindSingleModeAnchorSubscribe(l.ctx, u.Id)
-			// Only block if user has a paid subscription (OrderId > 0)
+		switch {
-			// Allow purchase if user only has gift subscriptions
+		case anchorErr == nil && anchorSub != nil:
-			hasPaidSubscription := false
+			if req.SubscribeId != anchorSub.SubscribeId {
-			for _, s := range userSub {
+				return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.SingleSubscribePlanMismatch), "single subscribe mode plan mismatch")
-				if s.OrderId > 0 {
-					hasPaidSubscription = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if hasPaidSubscription {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.UserSubscribeExist), "user has subscription")
 			}
+			targetSubscribeID = anchorSub.SubscribeId
+			orderType = 2
+			parentOrderID = anchorSub.OrderId
+			subscribeToken = anchorSub.Token
+			anchorUserSubscribeID = anchorSub.Id
+			isSingleModeRenewal = true
+			l.Infow("[Purchase] single mode purchase routed to renewal",
+				logger.Field("mode", "single"),
+				logger.Field("route", "purchase_to_renewal"),
+				logger.Field("anchor_user_subscribe_id", anchorSub.Id),
+				logger.Field("order_no", "pending"),
+				logger.Field("user_id", u.Id),
+			)
+		case errors.Is(anchorErr, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):
+		case anchorErr != nil:
+			l.Errorw("[Purchase] Database query error", logger.Field("error", anchorErr.Error()), logger.Field("user_id", u.Id))
+			return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "find single mode anchor subscribe error: %v", anchorErr.Error())
 		}
 	}
 
 	// find subscribe plan
-	sub, err := l.svcCtx.SubscribeModel.FindOne(l.ctx, req.SubscribeId)
+	sub, err := l.svcCtx.SubscribeModel.FindOne(l.ctx, targetSubscribeID)
 
 	if err != nil {
-		l.Errorw("[Purchase] Database query error", logger.Field("error", err.Error()), logger.Field("subscribe_id", req.SubscribeId))
+		l.Errorw("[Purchase] Database query error", logger.Field("error", err.Error()), logger.Field("subscribe_id", targetSubscribeID))
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "find subscribe error: %v", err.Error())
 	}
 	// check subscribe plan status
@@ -100,8 +110,8 @@ func (l *PurchaseLogic) Purchase(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (resp *types.P
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.ERROR), "subscribe not sell")
 	}
 
-	// check subscribe plan inventory
+	// check subscribe plan inventory for new purchase flow only
-	if sub.Inventory == 0 {
+	if orderType == 1 && sub.Inventory == 0 {
 		return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.SubscribeOutOfStock), "subscribe out of stock")
 	}
 
@@ -140,7 +150,7 @@ func (l *PurchaseLogic) Purchase(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (resp *types.P
 			return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.CouponInsufficientUsage), "coupon used")
 		}
 		couponSub := tool.StringToInt64Slice(couponInfo.Subscribe)
-		if len(couponSub) > 0 && !tool.Contains(couponSub, req.SubscribeId) {
+		if len(couponSub) > 0 && !tool.Contains(couponSub, targetSubscribeID) {
 			return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.CouponNotApplicable), "coupon not match")
 		}
 		var count int64
@@ -192,16 +202,20 @@ func (l *PurchaseLogic) Purchase(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (resp *types.P
 		}
 	}
 	// query user is new purchase or renewal
-	isNew, err := l.svcCtx.OrderModel.IsUserEligibleForNewOrder(l.ctx, u.Id)
+	isNew := false
+	if orderType == 1 {
+		isNew, err = l.svcCtx.OrderModel.IsUserEligibleForNewOrder(l.ctx, u.Id)
 		if err != nil {
 			l.Errorw("[Purchase] Database query error", logger.Field("error", err.Error()), logger.Field("user_id", u.Id))
 			return nil, errors.Wrapf(xerr.NewErrCode(xerr.DatabaseQueryError), "find user order error: %v", err.Error())
 		}
+	}
 	// create order
 	orderInfo := &order.Order{
 		UserId:         u.Id,
+		ParentId:       parentOrderID,
 		OrderNo:        tool.GenerateTradeNo(),
-		Type:           1,
+		Type:           orderType,
 		Quantity:       req.Quantity,
 		Price:          price,
 		Amount:         amount,
@@ -214,12 +228,23 @@ func (l *PurchaseLogic) Purchase(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (resp *types.P
 		FeeAmount:      feeAmount,
 		Status:         1,
 		IsNew:          isNew,
-		SubscribeId:    req.SubscribeId,
+		SubscribeId:    targetSubscribeID,
+		SubscribeToken: subscribeToken,
+	}
+	if isSingleModeRenewal {
+		l.Infow("[Purchase] single mode purchase order created as renewal",
+			logger.Field("mode", "single"),
+			logger.Field("route", "purchase_to_renewal"),
+			logger.Field("anchor_user_subscribe_id", anchorUserSubscribeID),
+			logger.Field("order_no", orderInfo.OrderNo),
+			logger.Field("parent_id", orderInfo.ParentId),
+			logger.Field("user_id", u.Id),
+		)
 	}
 	// Database transaction
 	err = l.svcCtx.DB.Transaction(func(db *gorm.DB) error {
 		// check subscribe plan quota limit inside transaction to prevent race condition
-		if sub.Quota > 0 {
+		if orderInfo.Type == 1 && sub.Quota > 0 {
 			var currentUserSub []user.Subscribe
 			if e := db.Model(&user.Subscribe{}).Where("user_id = ?", u.Id).Find(&currentUserSub).Error; e != nil {
 				l.Errorw("[Purchase] Database query error", logger.Field("error", e.Error()), logger.Field("user_id", u.Id))
@@ -227,7 +252,7 @@ func (l *PurchaseLogic) Purchase(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (resp *types.P
 			}
 			var count int64
 			for _, v := range currentUserSub {
-				if v.SubscribeId == req.SubscribeId {
+				if v.SubscribeId == targetSubscribeID {
 					count++
 				}
 			}
@@ -270,7 +295,7 @@ func (l *PurchaseLogic) Purchase(req *types.PurchaseOrderRequest) (resp *types.P
 			}
 		}
 
-		if sub.Inventory != -1 {
+		if orderInfo.Type == 1 && sub.Inventory != -1 {
 			// decrease subscribe plan stock
 			sub.Inventory -= 1
 			// update subscribe plan stock

internal/model/user/model.go

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ type customUserLogicModel interface {
 	BatchDeleteUser(ctx context.Context, ids []int64, tx ...*gorm.DB) error
 	InsertSubscribe(ctx context.Context, data *Subscribe, tx ...*gorm.DB) error
 	FindOneSubscribeByToken(ctx context.Context, token string) (*Subscribe, error)
+	FindSingleModeAnchorSubscribe(ctx context.Context, userId int64) (*Subscribe, error)
 	FindOneSubscribeByOrderId(ctx context.Context, orderId int64) (*Subscribe, error)
 	FindOneSubscribe(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*Subscribe, error)
 	UpdateSubscribe(ctx context.Context, data *Subscribe, tx ...*gorm.DB) error

internal/model/user/subscribe.go

@@ -49,6 +49,20 @@ func (m *defaultUserModel) FindOneSubscribeByOrderId(ctx context.Context, orderI
 	return &data, err
 }
 
+// FindSingleModeAnchorSubscribe finds the latest paid subscription for single subscribe mode routing.
+func (m *defaultUserModel) FindSingleModeAnchorSubscribe(ctx context.Context, userId int64) (*Subscribe, error) {
+	var data Subscribe
+	err := m.QueryNoCacheCtx(ctx, &data, func(conn *gorm.DB, _ interface{}) error {
+		return conn.Model(&Subscribe{}).
+			Where("user_id = ? AND order_id > 0 AND token != '' AND `status` IN ?", userId, []int64{0, 1, 2, 3, 5}).
+			Order("expire_time DESC").
+			Order("updated_at DESC").
+			Order("id DESC").
+			First(&data).Error
+	})
+	return &data, err
+}
+
 func (m *defaultUserModel) FindOneSubscribe(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*Subscribe, error) {
 	var data Subscribe
 	key := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", cacheUserSubscribeIdPrefix, id)

pkg/xerr/errCode.go

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ const (
 	SingleSubscribeModeExceedsLimit uint32 = 60005
 	SubscribeQuotaLimit             uint32 = 60006
 	SubscribeOutOfStock             uint32 = 60007
+	SingleSubscribePlanMismatch     uint32 = 60008
 )
 
 // Auth error

pkg/xerr/errMsg.go

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ func init() {
 		SingleSubscribeModeExceedsLimit: "Single subscribe mode exceeds limit",
 		SubscribeQuotaLimit:             "Subscribe quota limit",
 		SubscribeOutOfStock:             "Subscribe out of stock",
+		SingleSubscribePlanMismatch:     "Single subscribe mode does not support switching subscription by purchase",
 
 		// auth error
 		VerifyCodeError: "Verify code error",

queue/logic/order/activateOrderLogic.go

@@ -225,10 +225,57 @@ func (l *ActivateOrderLogic) NewPurchase(ctx context.Context, orderInfo *order.O
 
 	var userSub *user.Subscribe
 
-	// 单订阅模式下，检查用户是否已有赠送订阅（order_id=0）
+	// 单订阅模式下，优先兜底为“续费语义”：延长已购订阅，避免并发下重复创建 user_subscribe
 	if l.svc.Config.Subscribe.SingleModel {
-		giftSub, err := l.findGiftSubscription(ctx, orderInfo.UserId, orderInfo.SubscribeId)
+		anchorSub, anchorErr := l.svc.UserModel.FindSingleModeAnchorSubscribe(ctx, orderInfo.UserId)
-		if err == nil && giftSub != nil {
+		switch {
+		case anchorErr == nil && anchorSub != nil:
+			if anchorSub.SubscribeId == orderInfo.SubscribeId {
+				if orderInfo.ParentId == 0 && anchorSub.OrderId > 0 && anchorSub.OrderId != orderInfo.Id {
+					if patchErr := l.patchOrderParentID(ctx, orderInfo.Id, anchorSub.OrderId); patchErr != nil {
+						logger.WithContext(ctx).Error("Patch order parent_id failed",
+							logger.Field("error", patchErr.Error()),
+							logger.Field("order_no", orderInfo.OrderNo),
+						)
+					} else {
+						orderInfo.ParentId = anchorSub.OrderId
+					}
+				}
+
+				if renewErr := l.updateSubscriptionForRenewal(ctx, anchorSub, sub, orderInfo); renewErr != nil {
+					logger.WithContext(ctx).Error("Single mode renewal fallback failed",
+						logger.Field("error", renewErr.Error()),
+						logger.Field("anchor_user_subscribe_id", anchorSub.Id),
+						logger.Field("order_no", orderInfo.OrderNo),
+					)
+				} else {
+					userSub = anchorSub
+					logger.WithContext(ctx).Infow("Single mode purchase routed to renewal in activation",
+						logger.Field("mode", "single"),
+						logger.Field("route", "purchase_to_renewal"),
+						logger.Field("anchor_user_subscribe_id", anchorSub.Id),
+						logger.Field("order_no", orderInfo.OrderNo),
+					)
+				}
+			} else {
+				logger.WithContext(ctx).Errorw("Single mode anchor subscribe mismatch in activation",
+					logger.Field("order_no", orderInfo.OrderNo),
+					logger.Field("order_subscribe_id", orderInfo.SubscribeId),
+					logger.Field("anchor_subscribe_id", anchorSub.SubscribeId),
+				)
+			}
+		case errors.Is(anchorErr, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):
+		case anchorErr != nil:
+			logger.WithContext(ctx).Error("Find single mode anchor subscribe failed",
+				logger.Field("error", anchorErr.Error()),
+				logger.Field("order_no", orderInfo.OrderNo),
+			)
+		}
+
+		// 如果没有合并已购订阅，再尝试合并赠送订阅（order_id=0）
+		if userSub == nil {
+			giftSub, giftErr := l.findGiftSubscription(ctx, orderInfo.UserId, orderInfo.SubscribeId)
+			if giftErr == nil && giftSub != nil {
 				// 在赠送订阅上延长时间，保持 token 不变
 				userSub, err = l.extendGiftSubscription(ctx, giftSub, orderInfo, sub)
 				if err != nil {
@@ -241,6 +288,7 @@ func (l *ActivateOrderLogic) NewPurchase(ctx context.Context, orderInfo *order.O
 				}
 			}
 		}
+	}
 
 	// 如果没有合并赠送订阅，则正常创建新订阅
 	if userSub == nil {
@@ -439,6 +487,10 @@ func (l *ActivateOrderLogic) createUserSubscription(ctx context.Context, orderIn
 	return userSub, nil
 }
 
+func (l *ActivateOrderLogic) patchOrderParentID(ctx context.Context, orderID int64, parentID int64) error {
+	return l.svc.DB.WithContext(ctx).Model(&order.Order{}).Where("id = ? AND (parent_id = 0 OR parent_id IS NULL)", orderID).Update("parent_id", parentID).Error
+}
+
 // findGiftSubscription 查找用户指定套餐的赠送订阅（order_id=0），包括已过期的
 // 返回找到的赠送订阅记录，如果没有则返回 nil
 func (l *ActivateOrderLogic) findGiftSubscription(ctx context.Context, userId int64, subscribeId int64) (*user.Subscribe, error) {

readme_zh.md

@@ -44,6 +44,15 @@ PPanel 服务端是 PPanel 项目的后端组件，为代理服务提供强大
 - **节点管理**：监控和控制服务器节点。
 - **API 框架**：提供全面的 RESTful API，供前端集成。
 
+### 订阅模式行为
+
+可通过后端配置 `Subscribe.SingleModel` 切换订阅模式：
+
+- `false`（**多订阅模式**）：每次成功 `purchase` 都会创建一条新的 `user_subscribe` 记录。
+- `true`（**单订阅模式**）：当用户已存在已购订阅时，`purchase` 会自动按续费语义处理：
+  - 仍然会创建新订单，
+  - 但会延长已有订阅，而不是再新增一条 `user_subscribe`。
+
 ## 🚀 快速开始
 
 ### 前提条件

script/db_query.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/server/internal/config"
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/server/pkg/conf"
+	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	configPath := flag.String("config", "etc/ppanel.yaml", "config file path")
+	query := flag.String("query", "", "sql query")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	if *query == "" {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "query is required")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	var cfg config.Config
+	conf.MustLoad(*configPath, &cfg)
+
+	dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s)/%s?%s", cfg.MySQL.Username, cfg.MySQL.Password, cfg.MySQL.Addr, cfg.MySQL.Dbname, cfg.MySQL.Config)
+	db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "connect db failed: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	rows, err := db.Raw(*query).Rows()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "query failed: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	columns, err := rows.Columns()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "read columns failed: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	result := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		values := make([]interface{}, len(columns))
+		pointers := make([]interface{}, len(columns))
+		for i := range values {
+			pointers[i] = &values[i]
+		}
+		if err = rows.Scan(pointers...); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "scan row failed: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+
+		rowMap := make(map[string]interface{}, len(columns))
+		for i, col := range columns {
+			v := values[i]
+			if b, ok := v.([]byte); ok {
+				rowMap[col] = string(b)
+				continue
+			}
+			rowMap[col] = v
+		}
+		result = append(result, rowMap)
+	}
+
+	encoder := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout)
+	if err = encoder.Encode(result); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "encode result failed: %v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+