init: 1.0.0

pkg/logger/color.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/color"
+)
+
+// WithColor is a helper function to add color to a string, only in plain encoding.
+func WithColor(text string, colour color.Color) string {
+	if atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding) == plainEncodingType {
+		return color.WithColor(text, colour)
+	}
+
+	return text
+}
+
+// WithColorPadding is a helper function to add color to a string with leading and trailing spaces,
+// only in plain encoding.
+func WithColorPadding(text string, colour color.Color) string {
+	if atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding) == plainEncodingType {
+		return color.WithColorPadding(text, colour)
+	}
+
+	return text
+}

pkg/logger/color_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/color"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestWithColor(t *testing.T) {
+	old := atomic.SwapUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+	defer atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+
+	output := WithColor("hello", color.BgBlue)
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello", output)
+
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, jsonEncodingType)
+	output = WithColor("hello", color.BgBlue)
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello", output)
+}
+
+func TestWithColorPadding(t *testing.T) {
+	old := atomic.SwapUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+	defer atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+
+	output := WithColorPadding("hello", color.BgBlue)
+	assert.Equal(t, " hello ", output)
+
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, jsonEncodingType)
+	output = WithColorPadding("hello", color.BgBlue)
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello", output)
+}

pkg/logger/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package logger
+
+// A LogConf is a logging config.
+type LogConf struct {
+	// ServiceName represents the service name.
+	ServiceName string `yaml:"ServiceName" default:"PPanel"`
+	// Mode represents the logging mode, default is `console`.
+	// console: log to console.
+	// file: log to file.
+	// volume: used in k8s, prepend the hostname to the log file name.
+	Mode string `yaml:"Mode" default:"file"`
+	// Encoding represents the encoding type, default is `json`.
+	// json: json encoding.
+	// plain: plain text encoding, typically used in development.
+	Encoding string `yaml:"Encoding" default:"json"`
+	// TimeFormat represents the time format, default is `2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00`.
+	TimeFormat string `yaml:"TimeFormat" default:"2006-01-02 15:04:05.000"`
+	// Path represents the log file path, default is `logs`.
+	Path string `yaml:"Path" default:"logs"`
+	// Level represents the log level, default is `info`.
+	Level string `yaml:"Level" default:"info"`
+	// MaxContentLength represents the max content bytes, default is no limit.
+	MaxContentLength uint32 `yaml:"MaxContentLength" default:"0"`
+	// Compress represents whether to compress the log file, default is `false`.
+	Compress bool `yaml:"Compress" default:"false"`
+	// Stat represents whether to log statistics, default is `true`.
+	Stat bool `yaml:"Stat" default:"true"`
+	// KeepDays represents how many days the log files will be kept. Default to keep all files.
+	// Only take effect when Mode is `file` or `volume`, both work when Rotation is `daily` or `size`.
+	KeepDays int `yaml:"KeepDays" default:"0"`
+	// StackCooldownMillis represents the cooldown time for stack logging, default is 100ms.
+	StackCooldownMillis int `yaml:"StackCooldownMillis" default:"100"`
+	// MaxBackups represents how many backup log files will be kept. 0 means all files will be kept forever.
+	// Only take effect when RotationRuleType is `size`.
+	// Even though `MaxBackups` sets 0, log files will still be removed
+	// if the `KeepDays` limitation is reached.
+	MaxBackups int `yaml:"MaxBackups" default:"0"`
+	// MaxSize represents how much space the writing log file takes up. 0 means no limit. The unit is `MB`.
+	// Only take effect when RotationRuleType is `size`
+	MaxSize int `yaml:"MaxSize" default:"0"`
+	// Rotation represents the type of log rotation rule. Default is `daily`.
+	// daily: daily rotation.
+	// size: size limited rotation.
+	Rotation string `yaml:"Rotation" default:"daily"`
+	// FileTimeFormat represents the time format for file name, default is `2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00`.
+	FileTimeFormat string `yaml:"FileTimeFormat" default:"2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00"`
+}

pkg/logger/fields.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+var (
+	fieldsContextKey contextKey
+	globalFields     atomic.Value
+	globalFieldsLock sync.Mutex
+)
+
+type contextKey struct{}
+
+// AddGlobalFields adds global fields.
+func AddGlobalFields(fields ...LogField) {
+	globalFieldsLock.Lock()
+	defer globalFieldsLock.Unlock()
+
+	old := globalFields.Load()
+	if old == nil {
+		globalFields.Store(append([]LogField(nil), fields...))
+	} else {
+		globalFields.Store(append(old.([]LogField), fields...))
+	}
+}
+
+// ContextWithFields returns a new context with the given fields.
+func ContextWithFields(ctx context.Context, fields ...LogField) context.Context {
+	if val := ctx.Value(fieldsContextKey); val != nil {
+		if arr, ok := val.([]LogField); ok {
+			allFields := make([]LogField, 0, len(arr)+len(fields))
+			allFields = append(allFields, arr...)
+			allFields = append(allFields, fields...)
+			return context.WithValue(ctx, fieldsContextKey, allFields)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, fieldsContextKey, fields)
+}
+
+// WithFields returns a new logger with the given fields.
+// deprecated: use ContextWithFields instead.
+func WithFields(ctx context.Context, fields ...LogField) context.Context {
+	return ContextWithFields(ctx, fields...)
+}

pkg/logger/fields_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestAddGlobalFields(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer := NewWriter(&buf)
+	old := Reset()
+	SetWriter(writer)
+	defer SetWriter(old)
+
+	Info("hello")
+	buf.Reset()
+
+	AddGlobalFields(Field("a", "1"), Field("b", "2"))
+	AddGlobalFields(Field("c", "3"))
+	Info("world")
+	var m map[string]any
+	assert.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &m))
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", m["a"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "2", m["b"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "3", m["c"])
+}
+
+func TestContextWithFields(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := ContextWithFields(context.Background(), Field("a", 1), Field("b", 2))
+	vals := ctx.Value(fieldsContextKey)
+	assert.NotNil(t, vals)
+	fields, ok := vals.([]LogField)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, []LogField{Field("a", 1), Field("b", 2)}, fields)
+}
+
+func TestWithFields(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := WithFields(context.Background(), Field("a", 1), Field("b", 2))
+	vals := ctx.Value(fieldsContextKey)
+	assert.NotNil(t, vals)
+	fields, ok := vals.([]LogField)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, []LogField{Field("a", 1), Field("b", 2)}, fields)
+}
+
+func TestWithFieldsAppend(t *testing.T) {
+	type ctxKey string
+	var dummyKey ctxKey = "dummyKey"
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), dummyKey, "dummy")
+	ctx = ContextWithFields(ctx, Field("a", 1), Field("b", 2))
+	ctx = ContextWithFields(ctx, Field("c", 3), Field("d", 4))
+	vals := ctx.Value(fieldsContextKey)
+	assert.NotNil(t, vals)
+	fields, ok := vals.([]LogField)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "dummy", ctx.Value(dummyKey))
+	assert.EqualValues(t, []LogField{
+		Field("a", 1),
+		Field("b", 2),
+		Field("c", 3),
+		Field("d", 4),
+	}, fields)
+}
+
+func TestWithFieldsAppendCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	const count = 10
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		ctx = ContextWithFields(ctx, Field(strconv.Itoa(i), 1))
+	}
+
+	af := Field("foo", 1)
+	bf := Field("bar", 2)
+	ctxa := ContextWithFields(ctx, af)
+	ctxb := ContextWithFields(ctx, bf)
+
+	assert.EqualValues(t, af, ctxa.Value(fieldsContextKey).([]LogField)[count])
+	assert.EqualValues(t, bf, ctxb.Value(fieldsContextKey).([]LogField)[count])
+}
+
+func BenchmarkAtomicValue(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	var container atomic.Value
+	vals := []LogField{
+		Field("a", "b"),
+		Field("c", "d"),
+		Field("e", "f"),
+	}
+	container.Store(&vals)
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		val := container.Load()
+		if val != nil {
+			_ = *val.(*[]LogField)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkRWMutex(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	var lock sync.RWMutex
+	vals := []LogField{
+		Field("a", "b"),
+		Field("c", "d"),
+		Field("e", "f"),
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		lock.RLock()
+		_ = vals
+		lock.RUnlock()
+	}
+}

pkg/logger/fs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+)
+
+var fileSys realFileSystem
+
+type (
+	fileSystem interface {
+		Close(closer io.Closer) error
+		Copy(writer io.Writer, reader io.Reader) (int64, error)
+		Create(name string) (*os.File, error)
+		Open(name string) (*os.File, error)
+		Remove(name string) error
+	}
+
+	realFileSystem struct{}
+)
+
+func (fs realFileSystem) Close(closer io.Closer) error {
+	return closer.Close()
+}
+
+func (fs realFileSystem) Copy(writer io.Writer, reader io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	return io.Copy(writer, reader)
+}
+
+func (fs realFileSystem) Create(name string) (*os.File, error) {
+	return os.Create(name)
+}
+
+func (fs realFileSystem) Open(name string) (*os.File, error) {
+	return os.Open(name)
+}
+
+func (fs realFileSystem) Remove(name string) error {
+	return os.Remove(name)
+}

pkg/logger/gorm.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+)
+
+type GormLogger struct {
+}
+
+const TAG = "[GORM]"
+
+func (l *GormLogger) LogMode(logger.LogLevel) logger.Interface {
+	var sysLevel string
+	switch logLevel {
+	case DebugLevel:
+		sysLevel = "debug"
+	case InfoLevel:
+		sysLevel = "info"
+	case SevereLevel:
+		sysLevel = "severe"
+	case disableLevel:
+		sysLevel = "disable"
+	default:
+		sysLevel = "unknown"
+	}
+	Infof("%s System Log Level is %s", TAG, sysLevel)
+	return l
+}
+
+func (l *GormLogger) Info(ctx context.Context, str string, args ...interface{}) {
+	WithContext(ctx).WithCallerSkip(6).Infof("%s Info: %s", TAG, str, args)
+}
+
+func (l *GormLogger) Warn(ctx context.Context, str string, args ...interface{}) {
+	WithContext(ctx).WithCallerSkip(6).Infof("%s Warn: %s", TAG, str, args)
+}
+
+func (l *GormLogger) Error(ctx context.Context, str string, args ...interface{}) {
+	WithContext(ctx).WithCallerSkip(6).Errorf("%s Error: %s", TAG, str, args)
+}
+
+func (l *GormLogger) Trace(ctx context.Context, begin time.Time, fc func() (sql string, rowsAffected int64), err error) {
+	sql, rowsAffected := fc()
+	fields := []LogField{
+		{
+			Key:   "sql",
+			Value: sql,
+		},
+		{
+			Key:   "rows",
+			Value: rowsAffected,
+		},
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		fields = append(fields, LogField{
+			Key:   "error",
+			Value: err.Error(),
+		})
+		WithContext(ctx).WithCallerSkip(6).WithDuration(time.Since(begin)).Errorw(TAG, fields...)
+	} else {
+		WithContext(ctx).WithCallerSkip(6).WithDuration(time.Since(begin)).Infow(fmt.Sprintf("%s SQL Executed", TAG), fields...)
+	}
+}

pkg/logger/lesslogger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package logger
+
+// A LessLogger is a logger that controls to log once during the given duration.
+type LessLogger struct {
+	*limitedExecutor
+}
+
+// NewLessLogger returns a LessLogger.
+func NewLessLogger(milliseconds int) *LessLogger {
+	return &LessLogger{
+		limitedExecutor: newLimitedExecutor(milliseconds),
+	}
+}
+
+// Error logs v into error log or discard it if more than once in the given duration.
+func (logger *LessLogger) Error(v ...any) {
+	logger.logOrDiscard(func() {
+		Error(v...)
+	})
+}
+
+// Errorf logs v with format into error log or discard it if more than once in the given duration.
+func (logger *LessLogger) Errorf(format string, v ...any) {
+	logger.logOrDiscard(func() {
+		Errorf(format, v...)
+	})
+}

pkg/logger/lesslogger_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestLessLogger_Error(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	l := NewLessLogger(500)
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		l.Error("hello")
+	}
+	log.Print(w.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, strings.Count(w.String(), "\n"))
+}
+
+func TestLessLogger_Errorf(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	l := NewLessLogger(500)
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		l.Errorf("hello")
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, strings.Count(w.String(), "\n"))
+}

pkg/logger/lesswriter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package logger
+
+import "io"
+
+type lessWriter struct {
+	*limitedExecutor
+	writer io.Writer
+}
+
+func newLessWriter(writer io.Writer, milliseconds int) *lessWriter {
+	return &lessWriter{
+		limitedExecutor: newLimitedExecutor(milliseconds),
+		writer:          writer,
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *lessWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	w.logOrDiscard(func() {
+		_, _ = w.writer.Write(p)
+	})
+	return len(p), nil
+}

pkg/logger/lesswriter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestLessWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	var builder strings.Builder
+	w := newLessWriter(&builder, 500)
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte("hello"))
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello", builder.String())
+}

pkg/logger/limitedexecutor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/syncx"
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/timex"
+)
+
+type limitedExecutor struct {
+	threshold time.Duration
+	lastTime  *syncx.AtomicDuration
+	discarded uint32
+}
+
+func newLimitedExecutor(milliseconds int) *limitedExecutor {
+	return &limitedExecutor{
+		threshold: time.Duration(milliseconds) * time.Millisecond,
+		lastTime:  syncx.NewAtomicDuration(),
+	}
+}
+
+func (le *limitedExecutor) logOrDiscard(execute func()) {
+	if le == nil || le.threshold <= 0 {
+		execute()
+		return
+	}
+
+	now := timex.Now()
+	if now-le.lastTime.Load() <= le.threshold {
+		atomic.AddUint32(&le.discarded, 1)
+	} else {
+		le.lastTime.Set(now)
+		discarded := atomic.SwapUint32(&le.discarded, 0)
+		if discarded > 0 {
+			Errorf("Discarded %d error messages", discarded)
+		}
+
+		execute()
+	}
+}

pkg/logger/limitedexecutor_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/timex"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestLimitedExecutor_logOrDiscard(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		threshold time.Duration
+		lastTime  time.Duration
+		discarded uint32
+		executed  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "nil executor",
+			executed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "regular",
+			threshold: time.Hour,
+			lastTime:  timex.Now(),
+			discarded: 10,
+			executed:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "slow",
+			threshold: time.Duration(1),
+			lastTime:  -1000,
+			discarded: 10,
+			executed:  true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		test := test
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			executor := newLimitedExecutor(0)
+			executor.threshold = test.threshold
+			executor.discarded = test.discarded
+			executor.lastTime.Set(test.lastTime)
+
+			var run int32
+			executor.logOrDiscard(func() {
+				atomic.AddInt32(&run, 1)
+			})
+			if test.executed {
+				assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&run))
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, int32(0), atomic.LoadInt32(&run))
+				assert.Equal(t, test.discarded+1, atomic.LoadUint32(&executor.discarded))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/logger/logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// A Logger represents a logger.
+type Logger interface {
+	// Debug logs a message at debug level.
+	Debug(...any)
+	// Debugf logs a message at debug level.
+	Debugf(string, ...any)
+	// Debugv logs a message at debug level.
+	Debugv(any)
+	// Debugw logs a message at debug level.
+	Debugw(string, ...LogField)
+	// Error logs a message at error level.
+	Error(...any)
+	// Errorf logs a message at error level.
+	Errorf(string, ...any)
+	// Errorv logs a message at error level.
+	Errorv(any)
+	// Errorw logs a message at error level.
+	Errorw(string, ...LogField)
+	// Info logs a message at info level.
+	Info(...any)
+	// Infof logs a message at info level.
+	Infof(string, ...any)
+	// Infov logs a message at info level.
+	Infov(any)
+	// Infow logs a message at info level.
+	Infow(string, ...LogField)
+	// Slow logs a message at slow level.
+	Slow(...any)
+	// Slowf logs a message at slow level.
+	Slowf(string, ...any)
+	// Slowv logs a message at slow level.
+	Slowv(any)
+	// Sloww logs a message at slow level.
+	Sloww(string, ...LogField)
+	// WithCallerSkip returns a new logger with the given caller skip.
+	WithCallerSkip(skip int) Logger
+	// WithContext returns a new logger with the given context.
+	WithContext(ctx context.Context) Logger
+	// WithDuration returns a new logger with the given duration.
+	WithDuration(d time.Duration) Logger
+	// WithFields returns a new logger with the given fields.
+	WithFields(fields ...LogField) Logger
+}

pkg/logger/logs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const callerDepth = 4
+
+var (
+	timeFormat        = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00"
+	encoding   uint32 = jsonEncodingType
+	// maxContentLength is used to truncate the log content, 0 for not truncating.
+	maxContentLength uint32
+	// use uint32 for atomic operations
+	disableStat uint32
+	logLevel    uint32
+	options     logOptions
+	writer      = new(atomicWriter)
+	setupOnce   sync.Once
+)
+
+type (
+	// LogField is a key-value pair that will be added to the log entry.
+	LogField struct {
+		Key   string
+		Value any
+	}
+
+	// LogOption defines the method to customize the logging.
+	LogOption func(options *logOptions)
+
+	logEntry map[string]any
+
+	logOptions struct {
+		gzipEnabled           bool
+		logStackCooldownMills int
+		keepDays              int
+		maxBackups            int
+		maxSize               int
+		rotationRule          string
+	}
+)
+
+// AddWriter adds a new writer.
+// If there is already a writer, the new writer will be added to the writer chain.
+// For example, to write logs to both file and console, if there is already a file writer,
+// ```go
+// logx.AddWriter(logx.NewWriter(os.Stdout))
+// ```
+func AddWriter(w Writer) {
+	ow := Reset()
+	if ow == nil {
+		SetWriter(w)
+	} else {
+		// no need to check if the existing writer is a comboWriter,
+		// because it is not common to add more than one writer.
+		// even more than one writer, the behavior is the same.
+		SetWriter(comboWriter{
+			writers: []Writer{ow, w},
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Alert alerts v in alert level, and the message is written to error log.
+func Alert(v string) {
+	getWriter().Alert(v)
+}
+
+// Close closes the logging.
+func Close() error {
+	if w := writer.Swap(nil); w != nil {
+		return w.(io.Closer).Close()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Debug writes v into access log.
+func Debug(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		writeDebug(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Debugf writes v with format into access log.
+func Debugf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		writeDebug(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Debugv writes v into access log with json content.
+func Debugv(v any) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		writeDebug(v)
+	}
+}
+
+// Debugw writes msg along with fields into the access log.
+func Debugw(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		writeDebug(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+// Disable disables the logging.
+func Disable() {
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&logLevel, disableLevel)
+	writer.Store(nopWriter{})
+}
+
+// DisableStat disables the stat logs.
+func DisableStat() {
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&disableStat, 1)
+}
+
+// Error writes v into error log.
+func Error(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		writeError(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Errorf writes v with format into error log.
+func Errorf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		writeError(fmt.Errorf(format, v...).Error())
+	}
+}
+
+// ErrorStack writes v along with call stack into error log.
+func ErrorStack(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		// there is newline in stack string
+		writeStack(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// ErrorStackf writes v along with call stack in format into error log.
+func ErrorStackf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		// there is newline in stack string
+		writeStack(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Errorv writes v into error log with json content.
+// No call stack attached, because not elegant to pack the messages.
+func Errorv(v any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		writeError(v)
+	}
+}
+
+// Errorw writes msg along with fields into the error log.
+func Errorw(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		writeError(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+// Field returns a LogField for the given key and value.
+func Field(key string, value any) LogField {
+	switch val := value.(type) {
+	case error:
+		return LogField{Key: key, Value: encodeError(val)}
+	case []error:
+		var errs []string
+		for _, err := range val {
+			errs = append(errs, encodeError(err))
+		}
+		return LogField{Key: key, Value: errs}
+	case time.Duration:
+		return LogField{Key: key, Value: fmt.Sprint(val)}
+	case []time.Duration:
+		var durs []string
+		for _, dur := range val {
+			durs = append(durs, fmt.Sprint(dur))
+		}
+		return LogField{Key: key, Value: durs}
+	case []time.Time:
+		var times []string
+		for _, t := range val {
+			times = append(times, fmt.Sprint(t))
+		}
+		return LogField{Key: key, Value: times}
+	case fmt.Stringer:
+		return LogField{Key: key, Value: encodeStringer(val)}
+	case []fmt.Stringer:
+		var strs []string
+		for _, str := range val {
+			strs = append(strs, encodeStringer(str))
+		}
+		return LogField{Key: key, Value: strs}
+	default:
+		return LogField{Key: key, Value: val}
+	}
+}
+
+// Info writes v into access log.
+func Info(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		writeInfo(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Infof writes v with format into access log.
+func Infof(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		writeInfo(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Infov writes v into access log with json content.
+func Infov(v any) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		writeInfo(v)
+	}
+}
+
+// Infow writes msg along with fields into the access log.
+func Infow(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		writeInfo(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+// Must checks if err is nil, otherwise logs the error and exits.
+func Must(err error) {
+	if err == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("%+v\n\n%s", err.Error(), debug.Stack())
+	log.Print(msg)
+	getWriter().Severe(msg)
+
+	if ExitOnFatal.True() {
+		os.Exit(1)
+	} else {
+		panic(msg)
+	}
+}
+
+// MustSetup sets up logging with given config c. It exits on error.
+func MustSetup(c LogConf) {
+	Must(SetUp(c))
+}
+
+// Reset clears the writer and resets the log level.
+func Reset() Writer {
+	return writer.Swap(nil)
+}
+
+// SetLevel sets the logging level. It can be used to suppress some logs.
+func SetLevel(level uint32) {
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&logLevel, level)
+}
+
+// SetWriter sets the logging writer. It can be used to customize the logging.
+func SetWriter(w Writer) {
+	if atomic.LoadUint32(&logLevel) != disableLevel {
+		writer.Store(w)
+	}
+}
+
+// SetUp sets up the logx.
+// If already set up, return nil.
+// We allow SetUp to be called multiple times, because, for example,
+// we need to allow different service frameworks to initialize logx respectively.
+func SetUp(c LogConf) (err error) {
+	// Ignore the later SetUp calls.
+	// Because multiple services in one process might call SetUp respectively.
+	// Need to wait for the first caller to complete the execution.
+	setupOnce.Do(func() {
+		setupLogLevel(c)
+
+		if !c.Stat {
+			DisableStat()
+		}
+
+		if len(c.TimeFormat) > 0 {
+			timeFormat = c.TimeFormat
+		}
+
+		if len(c.FileTimeFormat) > 0 {
+			fileTimeFormat = c.FileTimeFormat
+		}
+
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&maxContentLength, c.MaxContentLength)
+		switch c.Encoding {
+		case plainEncoding:
+			atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+		default:
+			atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, jsonEncodingType)
+		}
+
+		switch c.Mode {
+		case fileMode:
+			err = setupWithFiles(c)
+		case volumeMode:
+			err = setupWithVolume(c)
+		default:
+			setupWithConsole()
+		}
+	})
+
+	return
+}
+
+// Severe writes v into severe log.
+func Severe(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(SevereLevel) {
+		writeSevere(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Severef writes v with format into severe log.
+func Severef(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(SevereLevel) {
+		writeSevere(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Slow writes v into slow log.
+func Slow(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		writeSlow(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Slowf writes v with format into slow log.
+func Slowf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		writeSlow(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Slowv writes v into slow log with json content.
+func Slowv(v any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		writeSlow(v)
+	}
+}
+
+// Sloww writes msg along with fields into slow log.
+func Sloww(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		writeSlow(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+// Stat writes v into stat log.
+func Stat(v ...any) {
+	if shallLogStat() && shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		writeStat(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// Statf writes v with format into stat log.
+func Statf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLogStat() && shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		writeStat(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+// WithCooldownMillis customizes logging on writing call stack interval.
+func WithCooldownMillis(millis int) LogOption {
+	return func(opts *logOptions) {
+		opts.logStackCooldownMills = millis
+	}
+}
+
+// WithKeepDays customizes logging to keep logs with days.
+func WithKeepDays(days int) LogOption {
+	return func(opts *logOptions) {
+		opts.keepDays = days
+	}
+}
+
+// WithGzip customizes logging to automatically gzip the log files.
+func WithGzip() LogOption {
+	return func(opts *logOptions) {
+		opts.gzipEnabled = true
+	}
+}
+
+// WithMaxBackups customizes how many log files backups will be kept.
+func WithMaxBackups(count int) LogOption {
+	return func(opts *logOptions) {
+		opts.maxBackups = count
+	}
+}
+
+// WithMaxSize customizes how much space the writing log file can take up.
+func WithMaxSize(size int) LogOption {
+	return func(opts *logOptions) {
+		opts.maxSize = size
+	}
+}
+
+// WithRotation customizes which log rotation rule to use.
+func WithRotation(r string) LogOption {
+	return func(opts *logOptions) {
+		opts.rotationRule = r
+	}
+}
+
+func addCaller(fields ...LogField) []LogField {
+	return append(fields, Field(callerKey, getCaller(callerDepth)))
+}
+
+func createOutput(path string) (io.WriteCloser, error) {
+	if len(path) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrLogPathNotSet
+	}
+
+	var rule RotateRule
+	switch options.rotationRule {
+	case sizeRotationRule:
+		rule = NewSizeLimitRotateRule(path, backupFileDelimiter, options.keepDays, options.maxSize,
+			options.maxBackups, options.gzipEnabled)
+	default:
+		rule = DefaultRotateRule(path, backupFileDelimiter, options.keepDays, options.gzipEnabled)
+	}
+
+	return NewLogger(path, rule, options.gzipEnabled)
+}
+
+func encodeError(err error) (ret string) {
+	return encodeWithRecover(err, func() string {
+		return err.Error()
+	})
+}
+
+func encodeStringer(v fmt.Stringer) (ret string) {
+	return encodeWithRecover(v, func() string {
+		return v.String()
+	})
+}
+
+func encodeWithRecover(arg any, fn func() string) (ret string) {
+	defer func() {
+		if err := recover(); err != nil {
+			if v := reflect.ValueOf(arg); v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && v.IsNil() {
+				ret = nilAngleString
+			} else {
+				ret = fmt.Sprintf("panic: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return fn()
+}
+
+func getWriter() Writer {
+	w := writer.Load()
+	if w == nil {
+		w = writer.StoreIfNil(newConsoleWriter())
+	}
+
+	return w
+}
+
+func handleOptions(opts []LogOption) {
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(&options)
+	}
+}
+
+func setupLogLevel(c LogConf) {
+	switch c.Level {
+	case levelDebug:
+		SetLevel(DebugLevel)
+	case levelInfo:
+		SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	case levelError:
+		SetLevel(ErrorLevel)
+	case levelSevere:
+		SetLevel(SevereLevel)
+	}
+}
+
+func setupWithConsole() {
+	SetWriter(newConsoleWriter())
+}
+
+func setupWithFiles(c LogConf) error {
+	w, err := newFileWriter(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	SetWriter(w)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setupWithVolume(c LogConf) error {
+	if len(c.ServiceName) == 0 {
+		return ErrLogServiceNameNotSet
+	}
+	hostname, _ := os.Hostname()
+	c.Path = path.Join(c.Path, c.ServiceName, hostname)
+	return setupWithFiles(c)
+}
+
+func shallLog(level uint32) bool {
+	return atomic.LoadUint32(&logLevel) <= level
+}
+
+func shallLogStat() bool {
+	return atomic.LoadUint32(&disableStat) == 0
+}
+
+// writeDebug writes v into debug log.
+// Not checking shallLog here is for performance consideration.
+// If we check shallLog here, the fmt.Sprint might be called even if the log level is not enabled.
+// The caller should check shallLog before calling this function.
+func writeDebug(val any, fields ...LogField) {
+	getWriter().Debug(val, addCaller(fields...)...)
+}
+
+// writeError writes v into the error log.
+// Not checking shallLog here is for performance consideration.
+// If we check shallLog here, the fmt.Sprint might be called even if the log level is not enabled.
+// The caller should check shallLog before calling this function.
+func writeError(val any, fields ...LogField) {
+	getWriter().Error(val, addCaller(fields...)...)
+}
+
+// writeInfo writes v into info log.
+// Not checking shallLog here is for performance consideration.
+// If we check shallLog here, the fmt.Sprint might be called even if the log level is not enabled.
+// The caller should check shallLog before calling this function.
+func writeInfo(val any, fields ...LogField) {
+	getWriter().Info(val, addCaller(fields...)...)
+}
+
+// writeSevere writes v into severe log.
+// Not checking shallLog here is for performance consideration.
+// If we check shallLog here, the fmt.Sprint might be called even if the log level is not enabled.
+// The caller should check shallLog before calling this function.
+func writeSevere(msg string) {
+	getWriter().Severe(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s", msg, string(debug.Stack())))
+}
+
+// writeSlow writes v into slow log.
+// Not checking shallLog here is for performance consideration.
+// If we check shallLog here, the fmt.Sprint might be called even if the log level is not enabled.
+// The caller should check shallLog before calling this function.
+func writeSlow(val any, fields ...LogField) {
+	getWriter().Slow(val, addCaller(fields...)...)
+}
+
+// writeStack writes v into stack log.
+// Not checking shallLog here is for performance consideration.
+// If we check shallLog here, the fmt.Sprint might be called even if the log level is not enabled.
+// The caller should check shallLog before calling this function.
+func writeStack(msg string) {
+	getWriter().Stack(fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s", msg, string(debug.Stack())))
+}
+
+// writeStat writes v into the stat log.
+// Not checking shallLog here is for performance consideration.
+// If we check shallLog here, the fmt.Sprint might be called even if the log level is not enabled.
+// The caller should check shallLog before calling this function.
+func writeStat(msg string) {
+	getWriter().Stat(msg, addCaller()...)
+}

pkg/logger/logs_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,931 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+var (
+	s           = []byte("Sending #11 notification (id: 1451875113812010473) in #1 connection")
+	pool        = make(chan []byte, 1)
+	_    Writer = (*mockWriter)(nil)
+)
+
+func init() {
+	ExitOnFatal.Set(false)
+}
+
+type mockWriter struct {
+	lock    sync.Mutex
+	builder strings.Builder
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Alert(v any) {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	output(&mw.builder, levelAlert, v)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Debug(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	output(&mw.builder, levelDebug, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Error(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	output(&mw.builder, levelError, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Info(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	output(&mw.builder, levelInfo, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Severe(v any) {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	output(&mw.builder, levelSevere, v)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Slow(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	output(&mw.builder, levelSlow, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Stack(v any) {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	output(&mw.builder, levelError, v)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Stat(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	output(&mw.builder, levelStat, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Contains(text string) bool {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	return strings.Contains(mw.builder.String(), text)
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) Reset() {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	mw.builder.Reset()
+}
+
+func (mw *mockWriter) String() string {
+	mw.lock.Lock()
+	defer mw.lock.Unlock()
+	return mw.builder.String()
+}
+
+func TestField(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		f    LogField
+		want map[string]any
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "error",
+			f:    Field("foo", errors.New("bar")),
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": "bar",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "errors",
+			f:    Field("foo", []error{errors.New("bar"), errors.New("baz")}),
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"bar", "baz"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "strings",
+			f:    Field("foo", []string{"bar", "baz"}),
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"bar", "baz"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "duration",
+			f:    Field("foo", time.Second),
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": "1s",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "durations",
+			f:    Field("foo", []time.Duration{time.Second, 2 * time.Second}),
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"1s", "2s"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "times",
+			f: Field("foo", []time.Time{
+				time.Date(2020, time.January, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+				time.Date(2020, time.January, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			}),
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"2020-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC", "2020-01-02 00:00:00 +0000 UTC"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "stringer",
+			f:    Field("foo", ValStringer{val: "bar"}),
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": "bar",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "stringers",
+			f:    Field("foo", []fmt.Stringer{ValStringer{val: "bar"}, ValStringer{val: "baz"}}),
+			want: map[string]any{
+				"foo": []any{"bar", "baz"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		test := test
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			w := new(mockWriter)
+			old := writer.Swap(w)
+			defer writer.Store(old)
+
+			Infow("foo", test.f)
+			validateFields(t, w.String(), test.want)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileLineFileMode(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	file, line := getFileLine()
+	Error("anything")
+	assert.True(t, w.Contains(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+
+	file, line = getFileLine()
+	Errorf("anything %s", "format")
+	assert.True(t, w.Contains(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+}
+
+func TestFileLineConsoleMode(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	file, line := getFileLine()
+	Error("anything")
+	assert.True(t, w.Contains(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+
+	w.Reset()
+	file, line = getFileLine()
+	Errorf("anything %s", "format")
+	assert.True(t, w.Contains(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+}
+
+func TestMust(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		Must(errors.New("foo"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogAlert(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelAlert, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Alert(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Debug(v...)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogDebugf(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Debugf(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogDebugv(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Debugv(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogDebugw(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelDebug, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Debugw(fmt.Sprint(v...), Field("foo", time.Second))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogError(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Error(v...)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogErrorf(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Errorf("%s", fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogErrorv(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Errorv(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogErrorw(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelError, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Errorw(fmt.Sprint(v...), Field("foo", "bar"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Info(v...)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfof(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Infof("%s", fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfov(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Infov(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfow(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelInfo, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Infow(fmt.Sprint(v...), Field("foo", "bar"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogFieldNil(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		var s *string
+		Infow("test", Field("bb", s))
+		var d *nilStringer
+		Infow("test", Field("bb", d))
+		var e *nilError
+		Errorw("test", Field("bb", e))
+	})
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		var p panicStringer
+		Infow("test", Field("bb", p))
+		var ps innerPanicStringer
+		Infow("test", Field("bb", ps))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleAny(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
+		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+		defer func() {
+			atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+		}()
+
+		Infov(v)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleAnyString(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
+		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+		defer func() {
+			atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+		}()
+
+		Infov(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleAnyError(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
+		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+		defer func() {
+			atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+		}()
+
+		Infov(errors.New(fmt.Sprint(v...)))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleAnyStringer(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
+		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+		defer func() {
+			atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+		}()
+
+		Infov(ValStringer{
+			val: fmt.Sprint(v...),
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogInfoConsoleText(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLogConsole(t, w, func(v ...any) {
+		old := atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding)
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+		defer func() {
+			atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+		}()
+
+		Info(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogSlow(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Slow(v...)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogSlowf(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Slowf(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogSlowv(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Slowv(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogSloww(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSlow, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Sloww(fmt.Sprint(v...), Field("foo", time.Second))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogStat(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelStat, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Stat(v...)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogStatf(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelStat, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Statf(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogSevere(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSevere, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Severe(v...)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogSeveref(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	doTestStructedLog(t, levelSevere, w, func(v ...any) {
+		Severef(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStructedLogWithDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	const message = "hello there"
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	WithDuration(time.Second).Info(message)
+	var entry map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(w.String()), &entry); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, levelInfo, entry[levelKey])
+	assert.Equal(t, message, entry[contentKey])
+	assert.Equal(t, "1000.0ms", entry[durationKey])
+}
+
+func TestSetLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	SetLevel(ErrorLevel)
+	const message = "hello there"
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	Info(message)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.builder.Len())
+}
+
+func TestSetLevelTwiceWithMode(t *testing.T) {
+	testModes := []string{
+		"console",
+		"volumn",
+		"mode",
+	}
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	for _, mode := range testModes {
+		testSetLevelTwiceWithMode(t, mode, w)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetLevelWithDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	SetLevel(ErrorLevel)
+	const message = "hello there"
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	WithDuration(time.Second).Info(message)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.builder.Len())
+}
+
+func TestErrorfWithWrappedError(t *testing.T) {
+	SetLevel(ErrorLevel)
+	const message = "there"
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	Errorf("hello %s", errors.New(message))
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "hello there"))
+}
+
+func TestMustNil(t *testing.T) {
+	Must(nil)
+}
+
+func TestSetup(t *testing.T) {
+	defer func() {
+		SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, jsonEncodingType)
+	}()
+
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
+	MustSetup(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "any",
+		Mode:        "console",
+		Encoding:    "json",
+		TimeFormat:  timeFormat,
+	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
+	MustSetup(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "any",
+		Mode:        "console",
+		TimeFormat:  timeFormat,
+	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
+	MustSetup(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "any",
+		Mode:        "file",
+		Path:        os.TempDir(),
+	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
+	MustSetup(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "any",
+		Mode:        "volume",
+		Path:        os.TempDir(),
+	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
+	MustSetup(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "any",
+		Mode:        "console",
+		TimeFormat:  timeFormat,
+	})
+	setupOnce = sync.Once{}
+	MustSetup(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "any",
+		Mode:        "console",
+		Encoding:    plainEncoding,
+	})
+
+	defer os.RemoveAll("CD01CB7D-2705-4F3F-889E-86219BF56F10")
+	assert.NotNil(t, setupWithVolume(LogConf{}))
+	assert.Nil(t, setupWithVolume(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "CD01CB7D-2705-4F3F-889E-86219BF56F10",
+	}))
+	assert.Nil(t, setupWithVolume(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "CD01CB7D-2705-4F3F-889E-86219BF56F10",
+		Rotation:    sizeRotationRule,
+	}))
+	assert.NotNil(t, setupWithFiles(LogConf{}))
+	assert.Nil(t, setupWithFiles(LogConf{
+		ServiceName: "any",
+		Path:        os.TempDir(),
+		Compress:    true,
+		KeepDays:    1,
+		MaxBackups:  3,
+		MaxSize:     1024 * 1024,
+	}))
+	setupLogLevel(LogConf{
+		Level: levelInfo,
+	})
+	setupLogLevel(LogConf{
+		Level: levelError,
+	})
+	setupLogLevel(LogConf{
+		Level: levelSevere,
+	})
+	_, err := createOutput("")
+	assert.NotNil(t, err)
+	Disable()
+	SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, jsonEncodingType)
+}
+
+func TestDisable(t *testing.T) {
+	Disable()
+	defer func() {
+		SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, jsonEncodingType)
+	}()
+
+	var opt logOptions
+	WithKeepDays(1)(&opt)
+	WithGzip()(&opt)
+	WithMaxBackups(1)(&opt)
+	WithMaxSize(1024)(&opt)
+	assert.Nil(t, Close())
+	assert.Nil(t, Close())
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(disableLevel), atomic.LoadUint32(&logLevel))
+}
+
+func TestDisableStat(t *testing.T) {
+	DisableStat()
+
+	const message = "hello there"
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+	Stat(message)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.builder.Len())
+}
+
+func TestAddWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	const message = "hello there"
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	AddWriter(w)
+	w1 := new(mockWriter)
+	AddWriter(w1)
+	Error(message)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.String(), message)
+	assert.Contains(t, w1.String(), message)
+}
+
+func TestSetWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&logLevel, 0)
+	Reset()
+	SetWriter(nopWriter{})
+	assert.NotNil(t, writer.Load())
+	assert.True(t, writer.Load() == nopWriter{})
+	mocked := new(mockWriter)
+	SetWriter(mocked)
+	assert.Equal(t, mocked, writer.Load())
+}
+
+func TestWithGzip(t *testing.T) {
+	fn := WithGzip()
+	var opt logOptions
+	fn(&opt)
+	assert.True(t, opt.gzipEnabled)
+}
+
+func TestWithKeepDays(t *testing.T) {
+	fn := WithKeepDays(1)
+	var opt logOptions
+	fn(&opt)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, opt.keepDays)
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCopyByteSliceAppend(b *testing.B) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		var buf []byte
+		buf = append(buf, getTimestamp()...)
+		buf = append(buf, ' ')
+		buf = append(buf, s...)
+		_ = buf
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCopyByteSliceAllocExactly(b *testing.B) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		now := []byte(getTimestamp())
+		buf := make([]byte, len(now)+1+len(s))
+		n := copy(buf, now)
+		buf[n] = ' '
+		copy(buf[n+1:], s)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCopyByteSlice(b *testing.B) {
+	var buf []byte
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		buf = make([]byte, len(s))
+		copy(buf, s)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprint(io.Discard, buf)
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCopyOnWriteByteSlice(b *testing.B) {
+	var buf []byte
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		size := len(s)
+		buf = s[:size:size]
+	}
+	fmt.Fprint(io.Discard, buf)
+}
+
+func BenchmarkCacheByteSlice(b *testing.B) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		dup := fetch()
+		copy(dup, s)
+		put(dup)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkLogs(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	log.SetOutput(io.Discard)
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		Info(i)
+	}
+}
+
+func fetch() []byte {
+	select {
+	case b := <-pool:
+		return b
+	default:
+	}
+	return make([]byte, 4096)
+}
+
+func getFileLine() (string, int) {
+	_, file, line, _ := runtime.Caller(1)
+	short := file
+
+	for i := len(file) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
+		if file[i] == '/' {
+			short = file[i+1:]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return short, line
+}
+
+func put(b []byte) {
+	select {
+	case pool <- b:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+func doTestStructedLog(t *testing.T, level string, w *mockWriter, write func(...any)) {
+	const message = "hello there"
+	write(message)
+
+	var entry map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(w.String()), &entry); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, level, entry[levelKey])
+	val, ok := entry[contentKey]
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(val.(string), message))
+}
+
+func doTestStructedLogConsole(t *testing.T, w *mockWriter, write func(...any)) {
+	const message = "hello there"
+	write(message)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), message))
+}
+
+func testSetLevelTwiceWithMode(t *testing.T, mode string, w *mockWriter) {
+	writer.Store(nil)
+	_ = SetUp(LogConf{
+		Mode:           mode,
+		Level:          "debug",
+		Path:           "/dev/null",
+		Encoding:       plainEncoding,
+		Stat:           false,
+		TimeFormat:     time.RFC3339,
+		FileTimeFormat: time.DateTime,
+	})
+	_ = SetUp(LogConf{
+		Mode:  mode,
+		Level: "info",
+		Path:  "/dev/null",
+	})
+	const message = "hello there"
+	Info(message)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.builder.Len())
+	Infof(message)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.builder.Len())
+	ErrorStack(message)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.builder.Len())
+	ErrorStackf(message)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, w.builder.Len())
+}
+
+type ValStringer struct {
+	val string
+}
+
+func (v ValStringer) String() string {
+	return v.val
+}
+
+func validateFields(t *testing.T, content string, fields map[string]any) {
+	var m map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(content), &m); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range fields {
+		if reflect.TypeOf(v).Kind() == reflect.Slice {
+			assert.EqualValues(t, v, m[k])
+		} else {
+			assert.Equal(t, v, m[k], content)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type nilError struct {
+	Name string
+}
+
+func (e *nilError) Error() string {
+	return e.Name
+}
+
+type nilStringer struct {
+	Name string
+}
+
+func (s *nilStringer) String() string {
+	return s.Name
+}
+
+type innerPanicStringer struct {
+	Inner *struct {
+		Name string
+	}
+}
+
+func (s innerPanicStringer) String() string {
+	return s.Inner.Name
+}
+
+type panicStringer struct {
+}
+
+func (s panicStringer) String() string {
+	panic("panic")
+}

pkg/logger/logtest/logtest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package logtest
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+type Buffer struct {
+	buf *bytes.Buffer
+	t   *testing.T
+}
+
+func Discard(t *testing.T) {
+	prev := logger.Reset()
+	logger.SetWriter(logger.NewWriter(io.Discard))
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		logger.SetWriter(prev)
+	})
+}
+
+func NewCollector(t *testing.T) *Buffer {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	writer := logger.NewWriter(&buf)
+	prev := logger.Reset()
+	logger.SetWriter(writer)
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		logger.SetWriter(prev)
+	})
+
+	return &Buffer{
+		buf: &buf,
+		t:   t,
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *Buffer) Bytes() []byte {
+	return b.buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func (b *Buffer) Content() string {
+	var m map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b.buf.Bytes(), &m); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	content, ok := m["content"]
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	switch val := content.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return val
+	default:
+		// err is impossible to be not nil, unmarshaled from b.buf.Bytes()
+		bs, _ := json.Marshal(content)
+		return string(bs)
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *Buffer) Reset() {
+	b.buf.Reset()
+}
+
+func (b *Buffer) String() string {
+	return b.buf.String()
+}
+
+func PanicOnFatal(t *testing.T) {
+	ok := logger.ExitOnFatal.CompareAndSwap(true, false)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		logger.ExitOnFatal.CompareAndSwap(false, true)
+	})
+}

pkg/logger/logtest/logtest_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package logtest
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestCollector(t *testing.T) {
+	const input = "hello"
+	c := NewCollector(t)
+	logger.Info(input)
+	assert.Equal(t, input, c.Content())
+	assert.Contains(t, c.String(), input)
+	c.Reset()
+	assert.Empty(t, c.Bytes())
+}
+
+func TestPanicOnFatal(t *testing.T) {
+	const input = "hello"
+	Discard(t)
+	logger.Info(input)
+
+	PanicOnFatal(t)
+	PanicOnFatal(t)
+	assert.Panics(t, func() {
+		logger.Must(errors.New("foo"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCollectorContent(t *testing.T) {
+	const input = "hello"
+	c := NewCollector(t)
+	c.buf.WriteString(input)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.Content())
+	c.Reset()
+	c.buf.WriteString(`{}`)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.Content())
+	c.Reset()
+	c.buf.WriteString(`{"content":1}`)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", c.Content())
+}

pkg/logger/logwriter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package logger
+
+import "log"
+
+type logWriter struct {
+	logger *log.Logger
+}
+
+func newLogWriter(logger *log.Logger) logWriter {
+	return logWriter{
+		logger: logger,
+	}
+}
+
+func (lw logWriter) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (lw logWriter) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
+	lw.logger.Print(string(data))
+	return len(data), nil
+}

pkg/logger/read.go

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+)
+
+func ReadLastNLines(path string, n int) ([]string, error) {
+	// Open the file
+	file, err := os.Open(fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", path, accessFilename))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	// Get file size
+	fileInfo, err := file.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	fileSize := fileInfo.Size()
+
+	// If file is empty, return empty slice
+	if fileSize == 0 {
+		return []string{}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Buffer for reading
+	bufferSize := int64(4096)
+	if bufferSize > fileSize {
+		bufferSize = fileSize
+	}
+	buffer := make([]byte, bufferSize)
+
+	// Start reading from the end
+	position := fileSize
+	lines := make([]string, 0, n)
+	lineCount := 0
+
+	for lineCount < n && position > 0 {
+		// How much to read
+		readSize := bufferSize
+		if position < bufferSize {
+			readSize = position
+		}
+		position -= readSize
+
+		// Read chunk from position
+		_, err := file.Seek(position, io.SeekStart)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		_, err = file.Read(buffer[:readSize])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// Count newlines in reverse
+		for i := readSize - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if buffer[i] == '\n' {
+				lineCount++
+				if lineCount > n {
+					// We found more than n lines
+					// Need to adjust position to read only last n lines
+					position += int64(i) + 1
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If we couldn't find n lines, start from beginning
+	if position < 0 {
+		position = 0
+	}
+
+	// Seek to the position where we want to start reading
+	_, err = file.Seek(position, io.SeekStart)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Read lines from position to end
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		lines = append(lines, scanner.Text())
+	}
+
+	// Check if we need to trim
+	if len(lines) > n {
+		lines = lines[len(lines)-n:]
+	}
+
+	return lines, scanner.Err()
+}

pkg/logger/read_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestReadLastNLines(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skipf("skip this test until this test fails")
+	lines, err := ReadLastNLines("/Users/tension/code/ppanel/server/logs", 10)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error reading last N lines: %v", err)
+	}
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		t.Logf("Line %d: %s", i, line)
+	}
+}

pkg/logger/readme-cn.md

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+## logger 配置
+
+```go
+type LogConf struct {
+	ServiceName         string              
+	Mode                string              
+	Encoding            string              
+	TimeFormat          string              
+	Path                string              
+	Level               string              
+	Compress            bool                
+	KeepDays            int                 
+	StackCooldownMillis int                 
+	MaxBackups          int                 
+	MaxSize             int                 
+	Rotation            string              
+}
+```
+
+- `ServiceName`：设置服务名称，可选。在 `volume` 模式下，该名称用于生成日志文件。
+- `Mode`：输出日志的模式，默认是 `console`
+  - `console` 模式将日志写到 `stdout/stderr`
+  - `file` 模式将日志写到 `Path` 指定目录的文件中
+  - `volume` 模式在 docker 中使用，将日志写入挂载的卷中
+- `Encoding`: 指示如何对日志进行编码，默认是 `json`
+  - `json`模式以 json 格式写日志
+  - `plain`模式用纯文本写日志，并带有终端颜色显示
+- `TimeFormat`：自定义时间格式，可选。默认是 `2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00`
+- `Path`：设置日志路径，默认为 `logs`
+- `Level`: 用于过滤日志的日志级别。默认为 `info`
+  - `info`，所有日志都被写入
+  - `error`, `info` 的日志被丢弃
+  - `severe`, `info` 和 `error` 日志被丢弃，只有 `severe` 日志被写入
+- `Compress`: 是否压缩日志文件，只在 `file` 模式下工作
+- `KeepDays`：日志文件被保留多少天，在给定的天数之后，过期的文件将被自动删除。对 `console` 模式没有影响
+- `StackCooldownMillis`：多少毫秒后再次写入堆栈跟踪。用来避免堆栈跟踪日志过多
+- `MaxBackups`: 多少个日志文件备份将被保存。0代表所有备份都被保存。当`Rotation`被设置为`size`时才会起作用。注意：`KeepDays`选项的优先级会比`MaxBackups`高，即使`MaxBackups`被设置为0，当达到`KeepDays`上限时备份文件同样会被删除。
+- `MaxSize`: 当前被写入的日志文件最大可占用多少空间。0代表没有上限。单位为`MB`。当`Rotation`被设置为`size`时才会起作用。
+- `Rotation`: 日志轮转策略类型。默认为`daily`（按天轮转）。
+  - `daily` 按天轮转。
+  - `size` 按日志大小轮转。
+
+
+## 打印日志方法
+
+```go
+type Logger interface {
+	// Error logs a message at error level.
+	Error(...any)
+	// Errorf logs a message at error level.
+	Errorf(string, ...any)
+	// Errorv logs a message at error level.
+	Errorv(any)
+	// Errorw logs a message at error level.
+	Errorw(string, ...LogField)
+	// Info logs a message at info level.
+	Info(...any)
+	// Infof logs a message at info level.
+	Infof(string, ...any)
+	// Infov logs a message at info level.
+	Infov(any)
+	// Infow logs a message at info level.
+	Infow(string, ...LogField)
+	// Slow logs a message at slow level.
+	Slow(...any)
+	// Slowf logs a message at slow level.
+	Slowf(string, ...any)
+	// Slowv logs a message at slow level.
+	Slowv(any)
+	// Sloww logs a message at slow level.
+	Sloww(string, ...LogField)
+	// WithContext returns a new logger with the given context.
+	WithContext(context.Context) Logger
+	// WithDuration returns a new logger with the given duration.
+	WithDuration(time.Duration) Logger
+}
+```
+
+- `Error`, `Info`, `Slow`: 将任何类型的信息写进日志，使用 `fmt.Sprint(...)` 来转换为 `string`
+- `Errorf`, `Infof`, `Slowf`: 将指定格式的信息写入日志
+- `Errorv`, `Infov`, `Slowv`: 将任何类型的信息写入日志，用 `json marshal` 编码
+- `Errorw`, `Infow`, `Sloww`: 写日志，并带上给定的 `key:value` 字段
+- `WithContext`：将给定的 ctx 注入日志信息，例如用于记录 `trace-id`和`span-id`
+- `WithDuration`: 将指定的时间写入日志信息中，字段名为 `duration`
+
+## 将日志写到指定的存储
+
+`logger`定义了两个接口，方便自定义 `logger`，将日志写入任何存储。
+
+- `logger.NewWriter(w io.Writer)`
+- `logger.SetWriter(write logger.Writer)`
+
+## 过滤敏感字段
+
+如果我们需要防止  `password` 字段被记录下来，我们可以像下面这样实现。
+
+```go
+type (
+	Message struct {
+		Name     string
+		Password string
+		Message  string
+	}
+
+	SensitiveLogger struct {
+		logger.Writer
+	}
+)
+
+func NewSensitiveLogger(writer logger.Writer) *SensitiveLogger {
+	return &SensitiveLogger{
+		Writer: writer,
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *SensitiveLogger) Info(msg any, fields ...logger.LogField) {
+	if m, ok := msg.(Message); ok {
+		l.Writer.Info(Message{
+			Name:     m.Name,
+			Password: "******",
+			Message:  m.Message,
+		}, fields...)
+	} else {
+		l.Writer.Info(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// setup logger to make sure originalWriter not nil,
+	// the injected writer is only for filtering, like a middleware.
+
+	originalWriter := logger.Reset()
+	writer := NewSensitiveLogger(originalWriter)
+	logger.SetWriter(writer)
+
+	logger.Infov(Message{
+		Name:     "foo",
+		Password: "shouldNotAppear",
+		Message:  "bar",
+	})
+  
+	// more code
+}
+```

pkg/logger/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+
+## logger configurations
+
+```go
+type LogConf struct {
+	ServiceName         string              
+	Mode                string              
+	Encoding            string              
+	TimeFormat          string              
+	Path                string              
+	Level               string              
+	Compress            bool                
+	KeepDays            int                 
+	StackCooldownMillis int                 
+	MaxBackups          int                 
+	MaxSize             int                 
+	Rotation            string              
+}
+```
+
+- `ServiceName`: set the service name, optional. on `volume` mode, the name is used to generate the log files. Within `rest/zrpc` services, the name will be set to the name of `rest` or `zrpc` automatically.
+- `Mode`: the mode to output the logs, default is `console`.
+  -  `console` mode writes the logs to `stdout/stderr`.
+  - `file` mode writes the logs to the files specified by `Path`.
+  - `volume` mode is used in docker, to write logs into mounted volumes.
+- `Encoding`: indicates how to encode the logs, default is `json`.
+  - `json` mode writes the logs in json format.
+  - `plain` mode writes the logs with plain text, with terminal color enabled.
+- `TimeFormat`: customize the time format, optional. Default is `2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z07:00`.
+- `Path`: set the log path, default to `logs`.
+- `Level`: the logging level to filter logs. Default is `info`.
+  - `info`, all logs are written.
+  - `error`, `info` logs are suppressed.
+  - `severe`, `info` and `error` logs are suppressed, only `severe` logs are written.
+- `Compress`: whether or not to compress log files, only works with `file` mode.
+- `KeepDays`: how many days that the log files are kept, after the given days, the outdated files will be deleted automatically. It has no effect on `console` mode.
+- `StackCooldownMillis`: how many milliseconds to rewrite stacktrace again. It’s used to avoid stacktrace flooding.
+- `MaxBackups`: represents how many backup log files will be kept. 0 means all files will be kept forever. Only take effect when `Rotation` is `size`. NOTE: the level of option `KeepDays` will be higher. Even though `MaxBackups` sets 0, log files will still be removed if the `KeepDays` limitation is reached.
+- `MaxSize`: represents how much space the writing log file takes up. 0 means no limit. The unit is `MB`. Only take effect when `Rotation` is `size`.
+- `Rotation`: represents the type of log rotation rule. Default is `daily`.
+  - `daily` rotate the logs by day.
+  - `size` rotate the logs by size of logs.
+
+## Logging methods
+
+```go
+type Logger interface {
+	// Error logs a message at error level.
+	Error(...any)
+	// Errorf logs a message at error level.
+	Errorf(string, ...any)
+	// Errorv logs a message at error level.
+	Errorv(any)
+	// Errorw logs a message at error level.
+	Errorw(string, ...LogField)
+	// Info logs a message at info level.
+	Info(...any)
+	// Infof logs a message at info level.
+	Infof(string, ...any)
+	// Infov logs a message at info level.
+	Infov(any)
+	// Infow logs a message at info level.
+	Infow(string, ...LogField)
+	// Slow logs a message at slow level.
+	Slow(...any)
+	// Slowf logs a message at slow level.
+	Slowf(string, ...any)
+	// Slowv logs a message at slow level.
+	Slowv(any)
+	// Sloww logs a message at slow level.
+	Sloww(string, ...LogField)
+	// WithContext returns a new logger with the given context.
+	WithContext(context.Context) Logger
+	// WithDuration returns a new logger with the given duration.
+	WithDuration(time.Duration) Logger
+}
+```
+
+- `Error`, `Info`, `Slow`: write any kind of messages into logs, with like `fmt.Sprint(…)`.
+- `Errorf`, `Infof`, `Slowf`: write messages with given format into logs.
+- `Errorv`, `Infov`, `Slowv`: write any kind of messages into logs, with json marshalling to encode them.
+- `Errorw`, `Infow`, `Sloww`: write the string message with given `key:value` fields.
+- `WithContext`: inject the given ctx into the log messages, typically used to log `trace-id` and `span-id`.
+- `WithDuration`: write elapsed duration into the log messages, with key `duration`.
+
+## Write the logs to specific stores
+
+`logger` defined two interfaces to let you customize `logger` to write logs into any stores.
+
+- `logger.NewWriter(w io.Writer)`
+- `logger.SetWriter(writer logx.Writer)`
+
+## Filtering sensitive fields
+
+If we need to prevent the `password` fields from logging, we can do it like below:
+
+```go
+type (
+	Message struct {
+		Name     string
+		Password string
+		Message  string
+	}
+
+	SensitiveLogger struct {
+        logger.Writer
+	}
+)
+
+func NewSensitiveLogger(writer logger.Writer) *SensitiveLogger {
+	return &SensitiveLogger{
+		Writer: writer,
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *SensitiveLogger) Info(msg any, fields ...logx.LogField) {
+	if m, ok := msg.(Message); ok {
+		l.Writer.Info(Message{
+			Name:     m.Name,
+			Password: "******",
+			Message:  m.Message,
+		}, fields...)
+	} else {
+		l.Writer.Info(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// setup logx to make sure originalWriter not nil,
+	// the injected writer is only for filtering, like a middleware.
+
+	originalWriter := logger.Reset()
+	writer := NewSensitiveLogger(originalWriter)
+    logger.SetWriter(writer)
+
+    logger.Infov(Message{
+		Name:     "foo",
+		Password: "shouldNotAppear",
+		Message:  "bar",
+	})
+  
+	// more code
+}
+```

pkg/logger/richlogger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/internal/trace"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/timex"
+)
+
+// WithCallerSkip returns a Logger with given caller skip.
+func WithCallerSkip(skip int) Logger {
+	if skip <= 0 {
+		return new(richLogger)
+	}
+
+	return &richLogger{
+		callerSkip: skip,
+	}
+}
+
+// WithContext sets ctx to log, for keeping tracing information.
+func WithContext(ctx context.Context) Logger {
+	return &richLogger{
+		ctx: ctx,
+	}
+}
+
+// WithDuration returns a Logger with given duration.
+func WithDuration(d time.Duration) Logger {
+	return &richLogger{
+		fields: []LogField{Field(durationKey, timex.ReprOfDuration(d))},
+	}
+}
+
+type richLogger struct {
+	ctx        context.Context
+	callerSkip int
+	fields     []LogField
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Debug(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		l.debug(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Debugf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		l.debug(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Debugv(v any) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		l.debug(v)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Debugw(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		l.debug(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Error(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		l.err(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Errorf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		l.err(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Errorv(v any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		l.err(v)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Errorw(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		l.err(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Info(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		l.info(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Infof(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		l.info(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Infov(v any) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		l.info(v)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Infow(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		l.info(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Slow(v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		l.slow(fmt.Sprint(v...))
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Slowf(format string, v ...any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		l.slow(fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Slowv(v any) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		l.slow(v)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) Sloww(msg string, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		l.slow(msg, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) WithCallerSkip(skip int) Logger {
+	if skip <= 0 {
+		return l
+	}
+
+	return &richLogger{
+		ctx:        l.ctx,
+		callerSkip: skip,
+		fields:     l.fields,
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) WithContext(ctx context.Context) Logger {
+	return &richLogger{
+		ctx:        ctx,
+		callerSkip: l.callerSkip,
+		fields:     l.fields,
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) WithDuration(duration time.Duration) Logger {
+	fields := append(l.fields, Field(durationKey, timex.ReprOfDuration(duration)))
+
+	return &richLogger{
+		ctx:        l.ctx,
+		callerSkip: l.callerSkip,
+		fields:     fields,
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) WithFields(fields ...LogField) Logger {
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		return l
+	}
+
+	f := append(l.fields, fields...)
+
+	return &richLogger{
+		ctx:        l.ctx,
+		callerSkip: l.callerSkip,
+		fields:     f,
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) buildFields(fields ...LogField) []LogField {
+	fields = append(l.fields, fields...)
+	fields = append(fields, Field(callerKey, getCaller(callerDepth+l.callerSkip)))
+
+	if l.ctx == nil {
+		return fields
+	}
+
+	traceID := trace.TraceIDFromContext(l.ctx)
+	if len(traceID) > 0 {
+		fields = append(fields, Field(traceKey, traceID))
+	}
+
+	spanID := trace.SpanIDFromContext(l.ctx)
+	if len(spanID) > 0 {
+		fields = append(fields, Field(spanKey, spanID))
+	}
+
+	val := l.ctx.Value(fieldsContextKey)
+	if val != nil {
+		if arr, ok := val.([]LogField); ok {
+			fields = append(fields, arr...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fields
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) debug(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(DebugLevel) {
+		getWriter().Debug(v, l.buildFields(fields...)...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) err(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		getWriter().Error(v, l.buildFields(fields...)...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) info(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(InfoLevel) {
+		getWriter().Info(v, l.buildFields(fields...)...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *richLogger) slow(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	if shallLog(ErrorLevel) {
+		getWriter().Slow(v, l.buildFields(fields...)...)
+	}
+}

pkg/logger/richlogger_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+)
+
+func TestTraceLog(t *testing.T) {
+	SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	otp := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.AlwaysSample()))
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	defer otel.SetTracerProvider(otp)
+
+	ctx, span := tp.Tracer("trace-id").Start(context.Background(), "span-id")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	WithContext(ctx).Info(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+}
+
+func TestTraceDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	otp := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.AlwaysSample()))
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	defer otel.SetTracerProvider(otp)
+
+	ctx, span := tp.Tracer("foo").Start(context.Background(), "bar")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	l := WithContext(ctx)
+	SetLevel(DebugLevel)
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Debug(testlog)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), traceKey))
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), spanKey))
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Debugf(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Debugv(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Debugv(testobj)
+	validateContentType(t, w.String(), map[string]any{}, true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Debugw(testlog, Field("foo", "bar"))
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "foo"), w.String())
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "bar"), w.String())
+}
+
+func TestTraceError(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	otp := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.AlwaysSample()))
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	defer otel.SetTracerProvider(otp)
+
+	ctx, span := tp.Tracer("trace-id").Start(context.Background(), "span-id")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	var nilCtx context.Context
+	l := WithContext(context.Background())
+	l = l.WithContext(nilCtx)
+	l = l.WithContext(ctx)
+	SetLevel(ErrorLevel)
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Error(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Errorf(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Errorv(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Errorv(testobj)
+	validateContentType(t, w.String(), map[string]any{}, true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Errorw(testlog, Field("basket", "ball"))
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "basket"), w.String())
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "ball"), w.String())
+}
+
+func TestTraceInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	otp := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.AlwaysSample()))
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	defer otel.SetTracerProvider(otp)
+
+	ctx, span := tp.Tracer("trace-id").Start(context.Background(), "span-id")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	l := WithContext(ctx)
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Info(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Infof(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Infov(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Infov(testobj)
+	validateContentType(t, w.String(), map[string]any{}, true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Infow(testlog, Field("basket", "ball"))
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "basket"), w.String())
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "ball"), w.String())
+}
+
+func TestTraceInfoConsole(t *testing.T) {
+	old := atomic.SwapUint32(&encoding, jsonEncodingType)
+	defer atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	o := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(o)
+	}()
+
+	otp := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.AlwaysSample()))
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	defer otel.SetTracerProvider(otp)
+
+	ctx, span := tp.Tracer("trace-id").Start(context.Background(), "span-id")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	l := WithContext(ctx)
+	SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Info(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Infof(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Infov(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Infov(testobj)
+	validateContentType(t, w.String(), map[string]any{}, true, true)
+}
+
+func TestTraceSlow(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	otp := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.AlwaysSample()))
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
+	defer otel.SetTracerProvider(otp)
+
+	ctx, span := tp.Tracer("trace-id").Start(context.Background(), "span-id")
+	defer span.End()
+
+	l := WithContext(ctx)
+	SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Slow(testlog)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), traceKey))
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), spanKey))
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Slowf(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Slowv(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Slowv(testobj)
+	validateContentType(t, w.String(), map[string]any{}, true, true)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Sloww(testlog, Field("basket", "ball"))
+	validate(t, w.String(), true, true)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "basket"), w.String())
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(w.String(), "ball"), w.String())
+}
+
+func TestTraceWithoutContext(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	l := WithContext(context.Background())
+	SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Info(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), false, false)
+	w.Reset()
+	l.WithDuration(time.Second).Infof(testlog)
+	validate(t, w.String(), false, false)
+}
+
+func TestLogWithFields(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	ctx := ContextWithFields(context.Background(), Field("foo", "bar"))
+	l := WithContext(ctx)
+	SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	l.Infow(testlog)
+
+	var val mockValue
+	assert.Nil(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(w.String()), &val))
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", val.Foo)
+}
+
+func TestLogWithCallerSkip(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	l := WithCallerSkip(1).WithCallerSkip(0)
+	p := func(v string) {
+		l.Infow(v)
+	}
+
+	file, line := getFileLine()
+	p(testlog)
+	assert.True(t, w.Contains(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+
+	w.Reset()
+	l = WithCallerSkip(0).WithCallerSkip(1)
+	file, line = getFileLine()
+	p(testlog)
+	assert.True(t, w.Contains(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+1)))
+}
+
+func TestLogWithCallerSkipCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	log1 := WithCallerSkip(2)
+	log2 := log1.WithCallerSkip(3)
+	log3 := log2.WithCallerSkip(-1)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, log1.(*richLogger).callerSkip)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, log2.(*richLogger).callerSkip)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, log3.(*richLogger).callerSkip)
+}
+
+func TestLogWithContextCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	c1 := context.Background()
+	type ctxKey string // 定义新的字符串类型
+
+	const fooKey ctxKey = "foo" // 使用这个 key
+	c2 := context.WithValue(context.Background(), fooKey, "bar")
+	log1 := WithContext(c1)
+	log2 := log1.WithContext(c2)
+	assert.Equal(t, c1, log1.(*richLogger).ctx)
+	assert.Equal(t, c2, log2.(*richLogger).ctx)
+}
+
+func TestLogWithDurationCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	log1 := WithContext(context.Background())
+	log2 := log1.WithDuration(time.Second)
+	assert.Empty(t, log1.(*richLogger).fields)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(log2.(*richLogger).fields))
+
+	var w mockWriter
+	old := writer.Swap(&w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+	log2.Info("hello")
+	assert.Contains(t, w.String(), `"duration":"1000.0ms"`)
+}
+
+func TestLogWithFieldsCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	log1 := WithContext(context.Background())
+	log2 := log1.WithFields(Field("foo", "bar"))
+	log3 := log1.WithFields()
+	assert.Empty(t, log1.(*richLogger).fields)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(log2.(*richLogger).fields))
+	assert.Equal(t, log1, log3)
+	assert.Empty(t, log3.(*richLogger).fields)
+
+	var w mockWriter
+	old := writer.Swap(&w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	log2.Info("hello")
+	assert.Contains(t, w.String(), `"foo":"bar"`)
+}
+
+func TestLoggerWithFields(t *testing.T) {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	writer.lock.RLock()
+	defer func() {
+		writer.lock.RUnlock()
+		writer.Store(old)
+	}()
+
+	l := WithContext(context.Background()).WithFields(Field("foo", "bar"))
+	l.Infow(testlog)
+
+	var val mockValue
+	assert.Nil(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(w.String()), &val))
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", val.Foo)
+}
+
+func validate(t *testing.T, body string, expectedTrace, expectedSpan bool) {
+	var val mockValue
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(body))
+
+	for {
+		var doc mockValue
+		err := dec.Decode(&doc)
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			// all done
+			break
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		val = doc
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedTrace, len(val.Trace) > 0, body)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedSpan, len(val.Span) > 0, body)
+}
+
+func validateContentType(t *testing.T, body string, expectedType any, expectedTrace, expectedSpan bool) {
+	var val mockValue
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(body))
+
+	for {
+		var doc mockValue
+		err := dec.Decode(&doc)
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			// all done
+			break
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		val = doc
+	}
+
+	assert.IsType(t, expectedType, val.Content, body)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedTrace, len(val.Trace) > 0, body)
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedSpan, len(val.Span) > 0, body)
+}
+
+type mockValue struct {
+	Trace   string `json:"trace"`
+	Span    string `json:"span"`
+	Foo     string `json:"foo"`
+	Content any    `json:"content"`
+}

pkg/logger/rotatelogger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/fs"
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/lang"
+)
+
+const (
+	dateFormat      = "2006-01-02"
+	hoursPerDay     = 24
+	bufferSize      = 100
+	defaultDirMode  = 0o755
+	defaultFileMode = 0o600
+	gzipExt         = ".gz"
+	megaBytes       = 1 << 20
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrLogFileClosed is an error that indicates the log file is already closed.
+	ErrLogFileClosed = errors.New("error: log file closed")
+
+	fileTimeFormat = time.RFC3339
+)
+
+type (
+	// A RotateRule interface is used to define the log rotating rules.
+	RotateRule interface {
+		BackupFileName() string
+		MarkRotated()
+		OutdatedFiles() []string
+		ShallRotate(size int64) bool
+	}
+
+	// A RotateLogger is a Logger that can rotate log files with given rules.
+	RotateLogger struct {
+		filename string
+		backup   string
+		fp       *os.File
+		channel  chan []byte
+		done     chan lang.PlaceholderType
+		rule     RotateRule
+		compress bool
+		// can't use threading.RoutineGroup because of cycle import
+		waitGroup   sync.WaitGroup
+		closeOnce   sync.Once
+		currentSize int64
+	}
+
+	// A DailyRotateRule is a rule to daily rotate the log files.
+	DailyRotateRule struct {
+		rotatedTime string
+		filename    string
+		delimiter   string
+		days        int
+		gzip        bool
+	}
+
+	// SizeLimitRotateRule a rotation rule that make the log file rotated base on size
+	SizeLimitRotateRule struct {
+		DailyRotateRule
+		maxSize    int64
+		maxBackups int
+	}
+)
+
+// DefaultRotateRule is a default log rotating rule, currently DailyRotateRule.
+func DefaultRotateRule(filename, delimiter string, days int, gzip bool) RotateRule {
+	return &DailyRotateRule{
+		rotatedTime: getNowDate(),
+		filename:    filename,
+		delimiter:   delimiter,
+		days:        days,
+		gzip:        gzip,
+	}
+}
+
+// BackupFileName returns the backup filename on rotating.
+func (r *DailyRotateRule) BackupFileName() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s", r.filename, r.delimiter, getNowDate())
+}
+
+// MarkRotated marks the rotated time of r to be the current time.
+func (r *DailyRotateRule) MarkRotated() {
+	r.rotatedTime = getNowDate()
+}
+
+// OutdatedFiles returns the files that exceeded the keeping days.
+func (r *DailyRotateRule) OutdatedFiles() []string {
+	if r.days <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var pattern string
+	if r.gzip {
+		pattern = fmt.Sprintf("%s%s*%s", r.filename, r.delimiter, gzipExt)
+	} else {
+		pattern = fmt.Sprintf("%s%s*", r.filename, r.delimiter)
+	}
+
+	files, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		Errorf("failed to delete outdated log files, error: %s", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var buf strings.Builder
+	boundary := time.Now().Add(-time.Hour * time.Duration(hoursPerDay*r.days)).Format(dateFormat)
+	buf.WriteString(r.filename)
+	buf.WriteString(r.delimiter)
+	buf.WriteString(boundary)
+	if r.gzip {
+		buf.WriteString(gzipExt)
+	}
+	boundaryFile := buf.String()
+
+	var outdates []string
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if file < boundaryFile {
+			outdates = append(outdates, file)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return outdates
+}
+
+// ShallRotate checks if the file should be rotated.
+func (r *DailyRotateRule) ShallRotate(_ int64) bool {
+	return len(r.rotatedTime) > 0 && getNowDate() != r.rotatedTime
+}
+
+// NewSizeLimitRotateRule returns the rotation rule with size limit
+func NewSizeLimitRotateRule(filename, delimiter string, days, maxSize, maxBackups int, gzip bool) RotateRule {
+	return &SizeLimitRotateRule{
+		DailyRotateRule: DailyRotateRule{
+			rotatedTime: getNowDateInRFC3339Format(),
+			filename:    filename,
+			delimiter:   delimiter,
+			days:        days,
+			gzip:        gzip,
+		},
+		maxSize:    int64(maxSize) * megaBytes,
+		maxBackups: maxBackups,
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *SizeLimitRotateRule) BackupFileName() string {
+	dir := filepath.Dir(r.filename)
+	prefix, ext := r.parseFilename()
+	timestamp := getNowDateInRFC3339Format()
+	return filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s%s", prefix, r.delimiter, timestamp, ext))
+}
+
+func (r *SizeLimitRotateRule) MarkRotated() {
+	r.rotatedTime = getNowDateInRFC3339Format()
+}
+
+func (r *SizeLimitRotateRule) OutdatedFiles() []string {
+	dir := filepath.Dir(r.filename)
+	prefix, ext := r.parseFilename()
+
+	var pattern string
+	if r.gzip {
+		pattern = fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s%s*%s%s", dir, string(filepath.Separator),
+			prefix, r.delimiter, ext, gzipExt)
+	} else {
+		pattern = fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s%s*%s", dir, string(filepath.Separator),
+			prefix, r.delimiter, ext)
+	}
+
+	files, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		Errorf("failed to delete outdated log files, error: %s", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	sort.Strings(files)
+
+	outdated := make(map[string]lang.PlaceholderType)
+
+	// test if too many backups
+	if r.maxBackups > 0 && len(files) > r.maxBackups {
+		for _, f := range files[:len(files)-r.maxBackups] {
+			outdated[f] = lang.Placeholder
+		}
+		files = files[len(files)-r.maxBackups:]
+	}
+
+	// test if any too old backups
+	if r.days > 0 {
+		boundary := time.Now().Add(-time.Hour * time.Duration(hoursPerDay*r.days)).Format(fileTimeFormat)
+		boundaryFile := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s%s", prefix, r.delimiter, boundary, ext))
+		if r.gzip {
+			boundaryFile += gzipExt
+		}
+		for _, f := range files {
+			if f >= boundaryFile {
+				break
+			}
+			outdated[f] = lang.Placeholder
+		}
+	}
+
+	var result []string
+	for k := range outdated {
+		result = append(result, k)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func (r *SizeLimitRotateRule) ShallRotate(size int64) bool {
+	return r.maxSize > 0 && r.maxSize < size
+}
+
+func (r *SizeLimitRotateRule) parseFilename() (prefix, ext string) {
+	logName := filepath.Base(r.filename)
+	ext = filepath.Ext(r.filename)
+	prefix = logName[:len(logName)-len(ext)]
+	return
+}
+
+// NewLogger returns a RotateLogger with given filename and rule, etc.
+func NewLogger(filename string, rule RotateRule, compress bool) (*RotateLogger, error) {
+	l := &RotateLogger{
+		filename: filename,
+		channel:  make(chan []byte, bufferSize),
+		done:     make(chan lang.PlaceholderType),
+		rule:     rule,
+		compress: compress,
+	}
+	if err := l.initialize(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	l.startWorker()
+	return l, nil
+}
+
+// Close closes l.
+func (l *RotateLogger) Close() error {
+	var err error
+
+	l.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		close(l.done)
+		l.waitGroup.Wait()
+
+		if err = l.fp.Sync(); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		err = l.fp.Close()
+	})
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
+	select {
+	case l.channel <- data:
+		return len(data), nil
+	case <-l.done:
+		log.Println(string(data))
+		return 0, ErrLogFileClosed
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) getBackupFilename() string {
+	if len(l.backup) == 0 {
+		return l.rule.BackupFileName()
+	}
+
+	return l.backup
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) initialize() error {
+	l.backup = l.rule.BackupFileName()
+
+	if fileInfo, err := os.Stat(l.filename); err != nil {
+		basePath := path.Dir(l.filename)
+		if _, err = os.Stat(basePath); err != nil {
+			if err = os.MkdirAll(basePath, defaultDirMode); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if l.fp, err = os.Create(l.filename); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		if l.fp, err = os.OpenFile(l.filename, os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, defaultFileMode); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		l.currentSize = fileInfo.Size()
+	}
+
+	fs.CloseOnExec(l.fp)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) maybeCompressFile(file string) {
+	if !l.compress {
+		return
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			ErrorStack(r)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(file); err != nil {
+		// file doesn't exist or another error, ignore compression
+		return
+	}
+
+	compressLogFile(file)
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) maybeDeleteOutdatedFiles() {
+	files := l.rule.OutdatedFiles()
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if err := os.Remove(file); err != nil {
+			Errorf("failed to remove outdated file: %s", file)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) postRotate(file string) {
+	go func() {
+		// we cannot use threading.GoSafe here, because of import cycle.
+		l.maybeCompressFile(file)
+		l.maybeDeleteOutdatedFiles()
+	}()
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) rotate() error {
+	if l.fp != nil {
+		err := l.fp.Close()
+		l.fp = nil
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, err := os.Stat(l.filename)
+	if err == nil && len(l.backup) > 0 {
+		backupFilename := l.getBackupFilename()
+		err = os.Rename(l.filename, backupFilename)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		l.postRotate(backupFilename)
+	}
+
+	l.backup = l.rule.BackupFileName()
+	if l.fp, err = os.Create(l.filename); err == nil {
+		fs.CloseOnExec(l.fp)
+	}
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) startWorker() {
+	l.waitGroup.Add(1)
+
+	go func() {
+		defer l.waitGroup.Done()
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case event := <-l.channel:
+				l.write(event)
+			case <-l.done:
+				// avoid losing logs before closing.
+				for {
+					select {
+					case event := <-l.channel:
+						l.write(event)
+					default:
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (l *RotateLogger) write(v []byte) {
+	if l.rule.ShallRotate(l.currentSize + int64(len(v))) {
+		if err := l.rotate(); err != nil {
+			log.Println(err)
+		} else {
+			l.rule.MarkRotated()
+			l.currentSize = 0
+		}
+	}
+	if l.fp != nil {
+		_, _ = l.fp.Write(v)
+		l.currentSize += int64(len(v))
+	}
+}
+
+func compressLogFile(file string) {
+	start := time.Now()
+	Infof("compressing log file: %s", file)
+	if err := gzipFile(file, fileSys); err != nil {
+		Errorf("compress error: %s", err)
+	} else {
+		Infof("compressed log file: %s, took %s", file, time.Since(start))
+	}
+}
+
+func getNowDate() string {
+	return time.Now().Format(dateFormat)
+}
+
+func getNowDateInRFC3339Format() string {
+	return time.Now().Format(fileTimeFormat)
+}
+
+func gzipFile(file string, fsys fileSystem) (err error) {
+	in, err := fsys.Open(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if e := fsys.Close(in); e != nil {
+			Errorf("failed to close file: %s, error: %v", file, e)
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			// only remove the original file when compression is successful
+			err = fsys.Remove(file)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	out, err := fsys.Create(fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", file, gzipExt))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		e := fsys.Close(out)
+		if err == nil {
+			err = e
+		}
+	}()
+
+	w := gzip.NewWriter(out)
+	if _, err = fsys.Copy(w, in); err != nil {
+		// failed to copy, no need to close w
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return fsys.Close(w)
+}

pkg/logger/rotatelogger_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/random"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/fs"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestDailyRotateRuleMarkRotated(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("daily rule", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var rule DailyRotateRule
+		rule.MarkRotated()
+		assert.Equal(t, getNowDate(), rule.rotatedTime)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("daily rule", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rule := DefaultRotateRule("test", "-", 1, false)
+		_, ok := rule.(*DailyRotateRule)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDailyRotateRuleOutdatedFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var rule DailyRotateRule
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.days = 1
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.gzip = true
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bad files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rule := DailyRotateRule{
+			filename: "[a-z",
+		}
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.days = 1
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.gzip = true
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("temp files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		boundary := time.Now().Add(-time.Hour * time.Duration(hoursPerDay) * 2).Format(dateFormat)
+		f1, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"+boundary)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		_ = f1.Close()
+		f2, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"+boundary)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		_ = f2.Close()
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			_ = os.Remove(f1.Name())
+			_ = os.Remove(f2.Name())
+		})
+		rule := DailyRotateRule{
+			filename: path.Join(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"),
+			days:     1,
+		}
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDailyRotateRuleShallRotate(t *testing.T) {
+	var rule DailyRotateRule
+	rule.rotatedTime = time.Now().Add(time.Hour * 24).Format(dateFormat)
+	assert.True(t, rule.ShallRotate(0))
+}
+
+func TestSizeLimitRotateRuleMarkRotated(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("size limit rule", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var rule SizeLimitRotateRule
+		rule.MarkRotated()
+		assert.Equal(t, getNowDateInRFC3339Format(), rule.rotatedTime)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("size limit rule", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rule := NewSizeLimitRotateRule("foo", "-", 1, 1, 1, false)
+		rule.MarkRotated()
+		assert.Equal(t, getNowDateInRFC3339Format(), rule.(*SizeLimitRotateRule).rotatedTime)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSizeLimitRotateRuleOutdatedFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var rule SizeLimitRotateRule
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.days = 1
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.gzip = true
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.maxBackups = 0
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bad files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rule := SizeLimitRotateRule{
+			DailyRotateRule: DailyRotateRule{
+				filename: "[a-z",
+			},
+		}
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.days = 1
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+		rule.gzip = true
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("temp files", func(t *testing.T) {
+		boundary := time.Now().Add(-time.Hour * time.Duration(hoursPerDay) * 2).Format(dateFormat)
+		f1, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"+boundary)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		f2, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"+boundary)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		boundary1 := time.Now().Add(time.Hour * time.Duration(hoursPerDay) * 2).Format(dateFormat)
+		f3, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"+boundary1)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			_ = f1.Close()
+			_ = os.Remove(f1.Name())
+			_ = f2.Close()
+			_ = os.Remove(f2.Name())
+			_ = f3.Close()
+			_ = os.Remove(f3.Name())
+		})
+		rule := SizeLimitRotateRule{
+			DailyRotateRule: DailyRotateRule{
+				filename: path.Join(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"),
+				days:     1,
+			},
+			maxBackups: 3,
+		}
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no backups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		boundary := time.Now().Add(-time.Hour * time.Duration(hoursPerDay) * 2).Format(dateFormat)
+		f1, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"+boundary)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		f2, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"+boundary)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		boundary1 := time.Now().Add(time.Hour * time.Duration(hoursPerDay) * 2).Format(dateFormat)
+		f3, err := os.CreateTemp(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"+boundary1)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			_ = f1.Close()
+			_ = os.Remove(f1.Name())
+			_ = f2.Close()
+			_ = os.Remove(f2.Name())
+			_ = f3.Close()
+			_ = os.Remove(f3.Name())
+		})
+		rule := SizeLimitRotateRule{
+			DailyRotateRule: DailyRotateRule{
+				filename: path.Join(os.TempDir(), "go-zero-test-"),
+				days:     1,
+			},
+		}
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+
+		logger := new(RotateLogger)
+		logger.rule = &rule
+		logger.maybeDeleteOutdatedFiles()
+		assert.Empty(t, rule.OutdatedFiles())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSizeLimitRotateRuleShallRotate(t *testing.T) {
+	var rule SizeLimitRotateRule
+	rule.rotatedTime = time.Now().Add(time.Hour * 24).Format(fileTimeFormat)
+	rule.maxSize = 0
+	assert.False(t, rule.ShallRotate(0))
+	rule.maxSize = 100
+	assert.False(t, rule.ShallRotate(0))
+	assert.True(t, rule.ShallRotate(101*megaBytes))
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerClose(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("close", func(t *testing.T) {
+		filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+		if len(filename) > 0 {
+			defer os.Remove(filename)
+		}
+		logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(DailyRotateRule), false)
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+		_, err = logger.Write([]byte("foo"))
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, logger.Close())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("close and write", func(t *testing.T) {
+		logger := new(RotateLogger)
+		logger.done = make(chan struct{})
+		close(logger.done)
+		_, err := logger.Write([]byte("foo"))
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrLogFileClosed)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("close without losing logs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		text := "foo"
+		filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(text)
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+		if len(filename) > 0 {
+			defer os.Remove(filename)
+		}
+		logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(DailyRotateRule), false)
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+		msg := []byte("foo")
+		n := 100
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			_, err = logger.Write(msg)
+			assert.Nil(t, err)
+		}
+		assert.Nil(t, logger.Close())
+		bs, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, len(msg)*n+len(text), len(bs))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerGetBackupFilename(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer os.Remove(filename)
+	}
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(DailyRotateRule), false)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, len(logger.getBackupFilename()) > 0)
+	logger.backup = ""
+	assert.True(t, len(logger.getBackupFilename()) > 0)
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerMayCompressFile(t *testing.T) {
+	old := os.Stdout
+	os.Stdout = os.NewFile(0, os.DevNull)
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdout = old
+	}()
+
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer os.Remove(filename)
+	}
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(DailyRotateRule), false)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	logger.maybeCompressFile(filename)
+	_, err = os.Stat(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerMayCompressFileTrue(t *testing.T) {
+	old := os.Stdout
+	os.Stdout = os.NewFile(0, os.DevNull)
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdout = old
+	}()
+
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(DailyRotateRule), true)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer os.Remove(filepath.Base(logger.getBackupFilename()) + ".gz")
+	}
+	logger.maybeCompressFile(filename)
+	_, err = os.Stat(filename)
+	assert.NotNil(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerRotate(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(DailyRotateRule), true)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer func() {
+			os.Remove(logger.getBackupFilename())
+			os.Remove(filepath.Base(logger.getBackupFilename()) + ".gz")
+		}()
+	}
+	err = logger.rotate()
+	switch v := err.(type) {
+	case *os.LinkError:
+		// avoid rename error on docker container
+		assert.Equal(t, syscall.EXDEV, v.Err)
+	case *os.PathError:
+		// ignore remove error for tests,
+		// files are cleaned in GitHub actions.
+		assert.Equal(t, "remove", v.Op)
+	default:
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	rule := new(DailyRotateRule)
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, rule, true)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer func() {
+			os.Remove(logger.getBackupFilename())
+			os.Remove(filepath.Base(logger.getBackupFilename()) + ".gz")
+		}()
+	}
+	// the following write calls cannot be changed to Write, because of DATA RACE.
+	logger.write([]byte(`foo`))
+	rule.rotatedTime = time.Now().Add(-time.Hour * 24).Format(dateFormat)
+	logger.write([]byte(`bar`))
+	logger.Close()
+	logger.write([]byte(`baz`))
+}
+
+func TestLogWriterClose(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Nil(t, newLogWriter(nil).Close())
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleClose(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer os.Remove(filename)
+	}
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(SizeLimitRotateRule), false)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	_ = logger.Close()
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerGetBackupWithSizeLimitRotateRuleFilename(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer os.Remove(filename)
+	}
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(SizeLimitRotateRule), false)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, len(logger.getBackupFilename()) > 0)
+	logger.backup = ""
+	assert.True(t, len(logger.getBackupFilename()) > 0)
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleMayCompressFile(t *testing.T) {
+	old := os.Stdout
+	os.Stdout = os.NewFile(0, os.DevNull)
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdout = old
+	}()
+
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer os.Remove(filename)
+	}
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(SizeLimitRotateRule), false)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	logger.maybeCompressFile(filename)
+	_, err = os.Stat(filename)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleMayCompressFileTrue(t *testing.T) {
+	old := os.Stdout
+	os.Stdout = os.NewFile(0, os.DevNull)
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdout = old
+	}()
+
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(SizeLimitRotateRule), true)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer os.Remove(filepath.Base(logger.getBackupFilename()) + ".gz")
+	}
+	logger.maybeCompressFile(filename)
+	_, err = os.Stat(filename)
+	assert.NotNil(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleMayCompressFileFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	old := os.Stdout
+	os.Stdout = os.NewFile(0, os.DevNull)
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdout = old
+	}()
+
+	filename := random.KeyNew(8, 1)
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(SizeLimitRotateRule), true)
+	defer os.Remove(filename)
+	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+			logger.maybeCompressFile(random.KeyNew(8, 1))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleRotate(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, new(SizeLimitRotateRule), true)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer func() {
+			os.Remove(logger.getBackupFilename())
+			os.Remove(filepath.Base(logger.getBackupFilename()) + ".gz")
+		}()
+	}
+	err = logger.rotate()
+	switch v := err.(type) {
+	case *os.LinkError:
+		// avoid rename error on docker container
+		assert.Equal(t, syscall.EXDEV, v.Err)
+	case *os.PathError:
+		// ignore remove error for tests,
+		// files are cleaned in GitHub actions.
+		assert.Equal(t, "remove", v.Op)
+	default:
+		assert.Nil(t, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRotateLoggerWithSizeLimitRotateRuleWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText("foo")
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	rule := new(SizeLimitRotateRule)
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, rule, true)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer func() {
+			os.Remove(logger.getBackupFilename())
+			os.Remove(filepath.Base(logger.getBackupFilename()) + ".gz")
+		}()
+	}
+	// the following write calls cannot be changed to Write, because of DATA RACE.
+	logger.write([]byte(`foo`))
+	rule.rotatedTime = time.Now().Add(-time.Hour * 24).Format(dateFormat)
+	logger.write([]byte(`bar`))
+	logger.Close()
+	logger.write([]byte(`baz`))
+}
+
+func TestGzipFile(t *testing.T) {
+	err := errors.New("any error")
+
+	t.Run("gzip file open failed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fsys := &fakeFileSystem{
+			openFn: func(name string) (*os.File, error) {
+				return nil, err
+			},
+		}
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, gzipFile("any", fsys))
+		assert.False(t, fsys.Removed())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip file create failed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fsys := &fakeFileSystem{
+			createFn: func(name string) (*os.File, error) {
+				return nil, err
+			},
+		}
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, gzipFile("any", fsys))
+		assert.False(t, fsys.Removed())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip file copy failed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fsys := &fakeFileSystem{
+			copyFn: func(writer io.Writer, reader io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+				return 0, err
+			},
+		}
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, gzipFile("any", fsys))
+		assert.False(t, fsys.Removed())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip file last close failed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var called int32
+		fsys := &fakeFileSystem{
+			closeFn: func(closer io.Closer) error {
+				if atomic.AddInt32(&called, 1) > 2 {
+					return err
+				}
+				return nil
+			},
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, gzipFile("any", fsys))
+		assert.True(t, fsys.Removed())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip file remove failed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fsys := &fakeFileSystem{
+			removeFn: func(name string) error {
+				return err
+			},
+		}
+		assert.Error(t, err, gzipFile("any", fsys))
+		assert.True(t, fsys.Removed())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip file everything ok", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fsys := &fakeFileSystem{}
+		assert.NoError(t, gzipFile("any", fsys))
+		assert.True(t, fsys.Removed())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestRotateLogger_WithExistingFile(t *testing.T) {
+	const body = "foo"
+	filename, err := fs.TempFilenameWithText(body)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	if len(filename) > 0 {
+		defer os.Remove(filename)
+	}
+
+	rule := NewSizeLimitRotateRule(filename, "-", 1, 100, 3, false)
+	logger, err := NewLogger(filename, rule, false)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(len(body)), logger.currentSize)
+	assert.Nil(t, logger.Close())
+}
+
+func BenchmarkRotateLogger(b *testing.B) {
+	filename := "./test.log"
+	filename2 := "./test2.log"
+	dailyRotateRuleLogger, err1 := NewLogger(
+		filename,
+		DefaultRotateRule(
+			filename,
+			backupFileDelimiter,
+			1,
+			true,
+		),
+		true,
+	)
+	if err1 != nil {
+		b.Logf("Failed to new daily rotate rule logger: %v", err1)
+		b.FailNow()
+	}
+	sizeLimitRotateRuleLogger, err2 := NewLogger(
+		filename2,
+		NewSizeLimitRotateRule(
+			filename,
+			backupFileDelimiter,
+			1,
+			100,
+			10,
+			true,
+		),
+		true,
+	)
+	if err2 != nil {
+		b.Logf("Failed to new size limit rotate rule logger: %v", err1)
+		b.FailNow()
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		dailyRotateRuleLogger.Close()
+		sizeLimitRotateRuleLogger.Close()
+		os.Remove(filename)
+		os.Remove(filename2)
+	}()
+
+	b.Run("daily rotate rule", func(b *testing.B) {
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			dailyRotateRuleLogger.write([]byte("testing\ntesting\n"))
+		}
+	})
+	b.Run("size limit rotate rule", func(b *testing.B) {
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			sizeLimitRotateRuleLogger.write([]byte("testing\ntesting\n"))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+type fakeFileSystem struct {
+	removed  int32
+	closeFn  func(closer io.Closer) error
+	copyFn   func(writer io.Writer, reader io.Reader) (int64, error)
+	createFn func(name string) (*os.File, error)
+	openFn   func(name string) (*os.File, error)
+	removeFn func(name string) error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFileSystem) Close(closer io.Closer) error {
+	if f.closeFn != nil {
+		return f.closeFn(closer)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFileSystem) Copy(writer io.Writer, reader io.Reader) (int64, error) {
+	if f.copyFn != nil {
+		return f.copyFn(writer, reader)
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFileSystem) Create(name string) (*os.File, error) {
+	if f.createFn != nil {
+		return f.createFn(name)
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFileSystem) Open(name string) (*os.File, error) {
+	if f.openFn != nil {
+		return f.openFn(name)
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFileSystem) Remove(name string) error {
+	atomic.AddInt32(&f.removed, 1)
+
+	if f.removeFn != nil {
+		return f.removeFn(name)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFileSystem) Removed() bool {
+	return atomic.LoadInt32(&f.removed) > 0
+}

pkg/logger/syslog.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package logger
+
+import "log"
+
+type redirector struct{}
+
+// CollectSysLog redirects system log into logx info
+func CollectSysLog() {
+	log.SetOutput(new(redirector))
+}
+
+func (r *redirector) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	Info(string(p))
+	return len(p), nil
+}

pkg/logger/syslog_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+const testlog = "Stay hungry, stay foolish."
+
+var testobj = map[string]any{"foo": "bar"}
+
+func TestCollectSysLog(t *testing.T) {
+	CollectSysLog()
+	content := getContent(captureOutput(func() {
+		log.Print(testlog)
+	}))
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(content, testlog))
+}
+
+func TestRedirector(t *testing.T) {
+	var r redirector
+	content := getContent(captureOutput(func() {
+		_, _ = r.Write([]byte(testlog))
+	}))
+	assert.Equal(t, testlog, content)
+}
+
+func captureOutput(f func()) string {
+	w := new(mockWriter)
+	old := writer.Swap(w)
+	defer writer.Store(old)
+
+	prevLevel := atomic.LoadUint32(&logLevel)
+	SetLevel(InfoLevel)
+	f()
+	SetLevel(prevLevel)
+
+	return w.String()
+}
+
+func getContent(jsonStr string) string {
+	var entry map[string]any
+	_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &entry)
+
+	val, ok := entry[contentKey]
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	str, ok := val.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return str
+}

pkg/logger/util.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func getCaller(callDepth int) string {
+	var file string
+	var line int
+	var ok bool
+	noMatch := []string{"logger", "@", "model", "default"}
+
+	if callDepth > 0 {
+		_, file, line, ok = runtime.Caller(callDepth)
+		if !ok {
+			return ""
+		}
+	} else {
+		// skip logger and External library
+		for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+			_, file, line, ok = runtime.Caller(i)
+			if !ok {
+				return ""
+			}
+			if !contains(noMatch, file) {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return prettyCaller(file, line)
+}
+
+func getTimestamp() string {
+	return time.Now().Format(timeFormat)
+}
+
+func prettyCaller(file string, line int) string {
+	idx := strings.LastIndexByte(file, '/')
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line)
+	}
+
+	idx = strings.LastIndexByte(file[:idx], '/')
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line)
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file[idx+1:], line)
+}
+
+func contains(slice []string, item string) bool {
+	for _, s := range slice {
+		if strings.Contains(item, s) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

pkg/logger/util_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	_, file, _, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
+	assert.Contains(t, getCaller(1), filepath.Base(file))
+	assert.True(t, len(getCaller(1<<10)) == 0)
+}
+
+func TestGetTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := getTimestamp()
+	tm, err := time.Parse(timeFormat, ts)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, time.Since(tm) < time.Minute)
+}
+
+func TestPrettyCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		file string
+		line int
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "regular",
+			file: "logx_test.go",
+			line: 123,
+			want: "logx_test.go:123",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "relative",
+			file: "adhoc/logx_test.go",
+			line: 123,
+			want: "adhoc/logx_test.go:123",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "long path",
+			file: "github.com/zeromicro/go-zero/core/logx/util_test.go",
+			line: 12,
+			want: "logx/util_test.go:12",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "local path",
+			file: "/Users/kevin/go-zero/core/logx/util_test.go",
+			line: 1234,
+			want: "logx/util_test.go:1234",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		test := test
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, test.want, prettyCaller(test.file, test.line))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkGetCaller(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		getCaller(1)
+	}
+}

pkg/logger/vars.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/syncx"
+)
+
+const (
+	// DebugLevel logs everything
+	DebugLevel uint32 = iota
+	// InfoLevel does not include debugs
+	InfoLevel
+	// ErrorLevel includes errors, slows, stacks
+	ErrorLevel
+	// SevereLevel only log severe messages
+	SevereLevel
+	// disableLevel doesn't log any messages
+	disableLevel = 0xff
+)
+
+const (
+	jsonEncodingType = iota
+	plainEncodingType
+)
+
+const (
+	plainEncoding    = "plain"
+	plainEncodingSep = '\t'
+	sizeRotationRule = "size"
+
+	accessFilename = "access.log"
+	errorFilename  = "error.log"
+	severeFilename = "severe.log"
+	slowFilename   = "slow.log"
+	statFilename   = "stat.log"
+
+	fileMode   = "file"
+	volumeMode = "volume"
+
+	levelAlert  = "alert"
+	levelInfo   = "info"
+	levelError  = "error"
+	levelSevere = "severe"
+	levelFatal  = "fatal"
+	levelSlow   = "slow"
+	levelStat   = "stat"
+	levelDebug  = "debug"
+
+	backupFileDelimiter = "-"
+	nilAngleString      = "<nil>"
+	flags               = 0x0
+)
+
+const (
+	callerKey    = "caller"
+	contentKey   = "content"
+	durationKey  = "duration"
+	levelKey     = "level"
+	spanKey      = "span"
+	timestampKey = "timestamp"
+	traceKey     = "trace"
+	truncatedKey = "truncated"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrLogPathNotSet is an error that indicates the log path is not set.
+	ErrLogPathNotSet = errors.New("log path must be set")
+	// ErrLogServiceNameNotSet is an error that indicates that the service name is not set.
+	ErrLogServiceNameNotSet = errors.New("log service name must be set")
+	// ExitOnFatal defines whether to exit on fatal errors, defined here to make it easier to test.
+	ExitOnFatal = syncx.ForAtomicBool(true)
+
+	truncatedField = Field(truncatedKey, true)
+)

pkg/logger/writer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"path"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	fatihcolor "github.com/fatih/color"
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/color"
+	"github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel-server/pkg/errorx"
+)
+
+type (
+	Writer interface {
+		Alert(v any)
+		Close() error
+		Debug(v any, fields ...LogField)
+		Error(v any, fields ...LogField)
+		Info(v any, fields ...LogField)
+		Severe(v any)
+		Slow(v any, fields ...LogField)
+		Stack(v any)
+		Stat(v any, fields ...LogField)
+	}
+
+	atomicWriter struct {
+		writer Writer
+		lock   sync.RWMutex
+	}
+
+	comboWriter struct {
+		writers []Writer
+	}
+
+	concreteWriter struct {
+		infoLog   io.WriteCloser
+		errorLog  io.WriteCloser
+		severeLog io.WriteCloser
+		slowLog   io.WriteCloser
+		statLog   io.WriteCloser
+		stackLog  io.Writer
+	}
+)
+
+// NewWriter creates a new Writer with the given io.Writer.
+func NewWriter(w io.Writer) Writer {
+	lw := newLogWriter(log.New(w, "", flags))
+
+	return &concreteWriter{
+		infoLog:   lw,
+		errorLog:  lw,
+		severeLog: lw,
+		slowLog:   lw,
+		statLog:   lw,
+		stackLog:  lw,
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *atomicWriter) Load() Writer {
+	w.lock.RLock()
+	defer w.lock.RUnlock()
+	return w.writer
+}
+
+func (w *atomicWriter) Store(v Writer) {
+	w.lock.Lock()
+	defer w.lock.Unlock()
+	w.writer = v
+}
+
+func (w *atomicWriter) StoreIfNil(v Writer) Writer {
+	w.lock.Lock()
+	defer w.lock.Unlock()
+
+	if w.writer == nil {
+		w.writer = v
+	}
+
+	return w.writer
+}
+
+func (w *atomicWriter) Swap(v Writer) Writer {
+	w.lock.Lock()
+	defer w.lock.Unlock()
+	old := w.writer
+	w.writer = v
+	return old
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Alert(v any) {
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		w.Alert(v)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Close() error {
+	var be errorx.BatchError
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		be.Add(w.Close())
+	}
+	return be.Err()
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Debug(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		w.Debug(v, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Error(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		w.Error(v, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Info(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		w.Info(v, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Severe(v any) {
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		w.Severe(v)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Slow(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		w.Slow(v, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Stack(v any) {
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		w.Stack(v)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c comboWriter) Stat(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	for _, w := range c.writers {
+		w.Stat(v, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func newConsoleWriter() Writer {
+	outLog := newLogWriter(log.New(fatihcolor.Output, "", flags))
+	errLog := newLogWriter(log.New(fatihcolor.Error, "", flags))
+	return &concreteWriter{
+		infoLog:   outLog,
+		errorLog:  errLog,
+		severeLog: errLog,
+		slowLog:   errLog,
+		stackLog:  newLessWriter(errLog, options.logStackCooldownMills),
+		statLog:   outLog,
+	}
+}
+
+func newFileWriter(c LogConf) (Writer, error) {
+	var err error
+	var opts []LogOption
+	var infoLog io.WriteCloser
+	var errorLog io.WriteCloser
+	var severeLog io.WriteCloser
+	var slowLog io.WriteCloser
+	var statLog io.WriteCloser
+	var stackLog io.Writer
+
+	if len(c.Path) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrLogPathNotSet
+	}
+
+	opts = append(opts, WithCooldownMillis(c.StackCooldownMillis))
+	if c.Compress {
+		opts = append(opts, WithGzip())
+	}
+	if c.KeepDays > 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, WithKeepDays(c.KeepDays))
+	}
+	if c.MaxBackups > 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, WithMaxBackups(c.MaxBackups))
+	}
+	if c.MaxSize > 0 {
+		opts = append(opts, WithMaxSize(c.MaxSize))
+	}
+
+	opts = append(opts, WithRotation(c.Rotation))
+
+	accessFile := path.Join(c.Path, accessFilename)
+	errorFile := path.Join(c.Path, errorFilename)
+	severeFile := path.Join(c.Path, severeFilename)
+	slowFile := path.Join(c.Path, slowFilename)
+	statFile := path.Join(c.Path, statFilename)
+
+	handleOptions(opts)
+	setupLogLevel(c)
+
+	if infoLog, err = createOutput(accessFile); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if errorLog, err = createOutput(errorFile); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if severeLog, err = createOutput(severeFile); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if slowLog, err = createOutput(slowFile); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if statLog, err = createOutput(statFile); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	stackLog = newLessWriter(errorLog, options.logStackCooldownMills)
+
+	return &concreteWriter{
+		infoLog:   infoLog,
+		errorLog:  errorLog,
+		severeLog: severeLog,
+		slowLog:   slowLog,
+		statLog:   statLog,
+		stackLog:  stackLog,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Alert(v any) {
+	output(w.errorLog, levelAlert, v)
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Close() error {
+	if err := w.infoLog.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := w.errorLog.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := w.severeLog.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := w.slowLog.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return w.statLog.Close()
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Debug(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	output(w.infoLog, levelDebug, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Error(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	output(w.errorLog, levelError, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Info(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	output(w.infoLog, levelInfo, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Severe(v any) {
+	output(w.severeLog, levelFatal, v)
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Slow(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	output(w.slowLog, levelSlow, v, fields...)
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Stack(v any) {
+	output(w.stackLog, levelError, v)
+}
+
+func (w *concreteWriter) Stat(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	output(w.statLog, levelStat, v, fields...)
+}
+
+type nopWriter struct{}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Alert(_ any) {
+}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Debug(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
+}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Error(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
+}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Info(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
+}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Severe(_ any) {
+}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Slow(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
+}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Stack(_ any) {
+}
+
+func (n nopWriter) Stat(_ any, _ ...LogField) {
+}
+
+func buildPlainFields(fields logEntry) []string {
+	orderedKeys := []string{"duration", "caller"}
+	items := make([]string, 0, len(fields))
+	for _, key := range orderedKeys {
+		// append the keys that have been set
+		if value, exists := fields[key]; exists {
+			items = append(items, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%+v", key, value))
+		}
+	}
+	for key, value := range fields {
+		if !contains(orderedKeys, key) { // skip the keys that have been appended
+			items = append(items, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%+v", key, value))
+		}
+	}
+	return items
+}
+
+func combineGlobalFields(fields []LogField) []LogField {
+	globals := globalFields.Load()
+	if globals == nil {
+		return fields
+	}
+
+	gf := globals.([]LogField)
+	ret := make([]LogField, 0, len(gf)+len(fields))
+	ret = append(ret, gf...)
+	ret = append(ret, fields...)
+
+	return ret
+}
+
+func marshalJson(t interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	encoder := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
+	encoder.SetEscapeHTML(false)
+	err := encoder.Encode(t)
+	// go 1.5+ will append a newline to the end of the json string
+	// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/13520
+	if l := buf.Len(); l > 0 && buf.Bytes()[l-1] == '\n' {
+		buf.Truncate(l - 1)
+	}
+
+	return buf.Bytes(), err
+}
+
+func output(writer io.Writer, level string, val any, fields ...LogField) {
+	// only truncate string content, don't know how to truncate the values of other types.
+	if v, ok := val.(string); ok {
+		maxLen := atomic.LoadUint32(&maxContentLength)
+		if maxLen > 0 && len(v) > int(maxLen) {
+			val = v[:maxLen]
+			fields = append(fields, truncatedField)
+		}
+	}
+
+	fields = combineGlobalFields(fields)
+	// +3 for timestamp, level and content
+	entry := make(logEntry, len(fields)+3)
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		entry[field.Key] = field.Value
+	}
+
+	switch atomic.LoadUint32(&encoding) {
+	case plainEncodingType:
+		plainFields := buildPlainFields(entry)
+		writePlainAny(writer, level, val, plainFields...)
+	default:
+		entry[timestampKey] = getTimestamp()
+		entry[levelKey] = level
+		entry[contentKey] = val
+		writeJson(writer, entry)
+	}
+}
+
+func wrapLevelWithColor(level string) string {
+	var colour color.Color
+	switch level {
+	case levelAlert:
+		colour = color.FgRed
+	case levelError:
+		colour = color.FgRed
+	case levelFatal:
+		colour = color.FgRed
+	case levelInfo:
+		colour = color.FgBlue
+	case levelSlow:
+		colour = color.FgYellow
+	case levelDebug:
+		colour = color.FgYellow
+	case levelStat:
+		colour = color.FgGreen
+	}
+
+	if colour == color.NoColor {
+		return level
+	}
+
+	return color.WithColorPadding(level, colour)
+}
+
+func writeJson(writer io.Writer, info any) {
+	if content, err := marshalJson(info); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("err: %s\n\n%s", err.Error(), debug.Stack())
+	} else if writer == nil {
+		log.Println(string(content))
+	} else {
+		if _, err := writer.Write(append(content, '\n')); err != nil {
+			log.Println(err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func writePlainAny(writer io.Writer, level string, val any, fields ...string) {
+	level = wrapLevelWithColor(level)
+
+	switch v := val.(type) {
+	case string:
+		writePlainText(writer, level, v, fields...)
+	case error:
+		writePlainText(writer, level, v.Error(), fields...)
+	case fmt.Stringer:
+		writePlainText(writer, level, v.String(), fields...)
+	default:
+		writePlainValue(writer, level, v, fields...)
+	}
+}
+
+func writePlainText(writer io.Writer, level, msg string, fields ...string) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	buf.WriteString(getTimestamp())
+	buf.WriteByte(plainEncodingSep)
+	buf.WriteString(level)
+	buf.WriteByte(plainEncodingSep)
+	buf.WriteString(msg)
+	for _, item := range fields {
+		buf.WriteByte(plainEncodingSep)
+		buf.WriteString(item)
+	}
+	buf.WriteByte('\n')
+	if writer == nil {
+		log.Println(buf.String())
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := writer.Write(buf.Bytes()); err != nil {
+		log.Println(err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+func writePlainValue(writer io.Writer, level string, val any, fields ...string) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	buf.WriteString(getTimestamp())
+	buf.WriteByte(plainEncodingSep)
+	buf.WriteString(level)
+	buf.WriteByte(plainEncodingSep)
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(&buf).Encode(val); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("err: %s\n\n%s", err.Error(), debug.Stack())
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, item := range fields {
+		buf.WriteByte(plainEncodingSep)
+		buf.WriteString(item)
+	}
+	buf.WriteByte('\n')
+	if writer == nil {
+		log.Println(buf.String())
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err := writer.Write(buf.Bytes()); err != nil {
+		log.Println(err.Error())
+	}
+}

pkg/logger/writer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"log"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+)
+
+func TestNewWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	const literal = "foo bar"
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := NewWriter(&buf)
+	w.Info(literal)
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), literal)
+	buf.Reset()
+	w.Debug(literal)
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), literal)
+}
+
+func TestConsoleWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := newConsoleWriter()
+	lw := newLogWriter(log.New(&buf, "", 0))
+	w.(*concreteWriter).errorLog = lw
+	w.Alert("foo bar 1")
+	var val mockedEntry
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &val); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, levelAlert, val.Level)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo bar 1", val.Content)
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	w.(*concreteWriter).errorLog = lw
+	w.Error("foo bar 2")
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &val); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, levelError, val.Level)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo bar 2", val.Content)
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	w.(*concreteWriter).infoLog = lw
+	w.Info("foo bar 3")
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &val); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, levelInfo, val.Level)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo bar 3", val.Content)
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	w.(*concreteWriter).severeLog = lw
+	w.Severe("foo bar 4")
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &val); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, levelFatal, val.Level)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo bar 4", val.Content)
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	w.(*concreteWriter).slowLog = lw
+	w.Slow("foo bar 5")
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &val); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, levelSlow, val.Level)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo bar 5", val.Content)
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	w.(*concreteWriter).statLog = lw
+	w.Stat("foo bar 6")
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &val); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, levelStat, val.Level)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo bar 6", val.Content)
+
+	w.(*concreteWriter).infoLog = hardToCloseWriter{}
+	assert.NotNil(t, w.Close())
+	w.(*concreteWriter).infoLog = easyToCloseWriter{}
+	w.(*concreteWriter).errorLog = hardToCloseWriter{}
+	assert.NotNil(t, w.Close())
+	w.(*concreteWriter).errorLog = easyToCloseWriter{}
+	w.(*concreteWriter).severeLog = hardToCloseWriter{}
+	assert.NotNil(t, w.Close())
+	w.(*concreteWriter).severeLog = easyToCloseWriter{}
+	w.(*concreteWriter).slowLog = hardToCloseWriter{}
+	assert.NotNil(t, w.Close())
+	w.(*concreteWriter).slowLog = easyToCloseWriter{}
+	w.(*concreteWriter).statLog = hardToCloseWriter{}
+	assert.NotNil(t, w.Close())
+	w.(*concreteWriter).statLog = easyToCloseWriter{}
+}
+
+func TestNewFileWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("access", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := newFileWriter(LogConf{
+			Path: "/not-exists",
+		})
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNopWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		var w nopWriter
+		w.Alert("foo")
+		w.Debug("foo")
+		w.Error("foo")
+		w.Info("foo")
+		w.Severe("foo")
+		w.Stack("foo")
+		w.Stat("foo")
+		w.Slow("foo")
+		_ = w.Close()
+	})
+}
+
+func TestWriteJson(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	log.SetOutput(&buf)
+	writeJson(nil, "foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "foo")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	writeJson(hardToWriteWriter{}, "foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "write error")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	writeJson(nil, make(chan int))
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "unsupported type")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	type C struct {
+		RC func()
+	}
+	writeJson(nil, C{
+		RC: func() {},
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "runtime/debug.Stack")
+}
+
+func TestWritePlainAny(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	log.SetOutput(&buf)
+	writePlainAny(nil, levelInfo, "foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "foo")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	writePlainAny(nil, levelDebug, make(chan int))
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "unsupported type")
+	writePlainAny(nil, levelDebug, 100)
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "100")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	writePlainAny(nil, levelError, make(chan int))
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "unsupported type")
+	writePlainAny(nil, levelSlow, 100)
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "100")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	writePlainAny(hardToWriteWriter{}, levelStat, 100)
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "write error")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	writePlainAny(hardToWriteWriter{}, levelSevere, "foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "write error")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	writePlainAny(hardToWriteWriter{}, levelAlert, "foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "write error")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	writePlainAny(hardToWriteWriter{}, levelFatal, "foo")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "write error")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	type C struct {
+		RC func()
+	}
+	writePlainAny(nil, levelError, C{
+		RC: func() {},
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "runtime/debug.Stack")
+}
+
+func TestWritePlainDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
+	old := atomic.SwapUint32(&encoding, plainEncodingType)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&encoding, old)
+	})
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	output(&buf, levelInfo, "foo", LogField{
+		Key:   "first",
+		Value: "a",
+	}, LogField{
+		Key:   "first",
+		Value: "b",
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "foo")
+	assert.NotContains(t, buf.String(), "first=a")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "first=b")
+
+	buf.Reset()
+	output(&buf, levelInfo, "foo", LogField{
+		Key:   "first",
+		Value: "a",
+	}, LogField{
+		Key:   "first",
+		Value: "b",
+	}, LogField{
+		Key:   "second",
+		Value: "c",
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "foo")
+	assert.NotContains(t, buf.String(), "first=a")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "first=b")
+	assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), "second=c")
+}
+
+func TestLogWithLimitContentLength(t *testing.T) {
+	maxLen := atomic.LoadUint32(&maxContentLength)
+	atomic.StoreUint32(&maxContentLength, 10)
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		atomic.StoreUint32(&maxContentLength, maxLen)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("alert", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		w := NewWriter(&buf)
+		w.Info("1234567890")
+		var v1 mockedEntry
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &v1); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, "1234567890", v1.Content)
+		assert.False(t, v1.Truncated)
+
+		buf.Reset()
+		var v2 mockedEntry
+		w.Info("12345678901")
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(buf.Bytes(), &v2); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, "1234567890", v2.Content)
+		assert.True(t, v2.Truncated)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestComboWriter(t *testing.T) {
+	var mockWriters []Writer
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		mockWriters = append(mockWriters, new(tracedWriter))
+	}
+
+	cw := comboWriter{
+		writers: mockWriters,
+	}
+
+	t.Run("Alert", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).On("Alert", "test alert").Once()
+		}
+		cw.Alert("test alert")
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Alert", "test alert")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Close", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for i := range cw.writers {
+			if i == 1 {
+				cw.writers[i].(*tracedWriter).On("Close").Return(errors.New("error")).Once()
+			} else {
+				cw.writers[i].(*tracedWriter).On("Close").Return(nil).Once()
+			}
+		}
+		err := cw.Close()
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Close")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Debug", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fields := []LogField{{Key: "key", Value: "value"}}
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).On("Debug", "test debug", fields).Once()
+		}
+		cw.Debug("test debug", fields...)
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Debug", "test debug", fields)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fields := []LogField{{Key: "key", Value: "value"}}
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).On("Error", "test error", fields).Once()
+		}
+		cw.Error("test error", fields...)
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Error", "test error", fields)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Info", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fields := []LogField{{Key: "key", Value: "value"}}
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).On("Info", "test info", fields).Once()
+		}
+		cw.Info("test info", fields...)
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Info", "test info", fields)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Severe", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).On("Severe", "test severe").Once()
+		}
+		cw.Severe("test severe")
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Severe", "test severe")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Slow", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fields := []LogField{{Key: "key", Value: "value"}}
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).On("Slow", "test slow", fields).Once()
+		}
+		cw.Slow("test slow", fields...)
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Slow", "test slow", fields)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Stack", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).On("Stack", "test stack").Once()
+		}
+		cw.Stack("test stack")
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Stack", "test stack")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Stat", func(t *testing.T) {
+		fields := []LogField{{Key: "key", Value: "value"}}
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).On("Stat", "test stat", fields).Once()
+		}
+		cw.Stat("test stat", fields...)
+		for _, mw := range cw.writers {
+			mw.(*tracedWriter).AssertCalled(t, "Stat", "test stat", fields)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+type mockedEntry struct {
+	Level     string `json:"level"`
+	Content   string `json:"content"`
+	Truncated bool   `json:"truncated"`
+}
+
+type easyToCloseWriter struct{}
+
+func (h easyToCloseWriter) Write(_ []byte) (_ int, _ error) {
+	return
+}
+
+func (h easyToCloseWriter) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+type hardToCloseWriter struct{}
+
+func (h hardToCloseWriter) Write(_ []byte) (_ int, _ error) {
+	return
+}
+
+func (h hardToCloseWriter) Close() error {
+	return errors.New("close error")
+}
+
+type hardToWriteWriter struct{}
+
+func (h hardToWriteWriter) Write(_ []byte) (_ int, _ error) {
+	return 0, errors.New("write error")
+}
+
+type tracedWriter struct {
+	mock.Mock
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Alert(v any) {
+	w.Called(v)
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Close() error {
+	args := w.Called()
+	return args.Error(0)
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Debug(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	w.Called(v, fields)
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Error(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	w.Called(v, fields)
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Info(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	w.Called(v, fields)
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Severe(v any) {
+	w.Called(v)
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Slow(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	w.Called(v, fields)
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Stack(v any) {
+	w.Called(v)
+}
+
+func (w *tracedWriter) Stat(v any, fields ...LogField) {
+	w.Called(v, fields)
+}