586 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
586 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 二进制部署
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本指南介绍如何使用预编译的二进制可执行文件部署 PPanel。此方法适合不想使用 Docker 或需要更多部署控制权的用户。
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## 前置条件
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- **操作系统**: Linux (Ubuntu 20.04+, Debian 10+, CentOS 8+)
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- **架构**: amd64 (x86_64) 或 arm64
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- **权限**: Root 或 sudo 访问权限
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- **依赖**: 无（二进制文件静态编译）
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## 下载二进制文件
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### 步骤 1: 检查系统架构
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```bash
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# 查看系统架构
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uname -m
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# 输出: x86_64 (amd64) 或 aarch64 (arm64)
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```
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### 步骤 2: 下载最新版本
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访问 [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel/releases) 页面或直接下载：
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```bash
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# 创建安装目录
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sudo mkdir -p /opt/ppanel
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cd /opt/ppanel
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# 下载 Linux amd64 版本
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wget https://github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel/releases/latest/download/ppanel-linux-amd64.tar.gz
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# 或下载 Linux arm64 版本
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# wget https://github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel/releases/latest/download/ppanel-linux-arm64.tar.gz
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# 解压
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tar -xzf ppanel-linux-amd64.tar.gz
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# 验证解压的文件
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ls -la
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```
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预期的文件结构：
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```
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/opt/ppanel/
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├── ppanel-server # 主服务器二进制文件
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├── gateway # 网关二进制文件
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└── etc/ # 配置目录
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└── ppanel.yaml # 配置文件
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```
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## 配置
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### 步骤 1: 准备配置
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```bash
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# 复制示例配置
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sudo cp etc/ppanel.yaml etc/ppanel.yaml.backup
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# 编辑配置
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sudo nano etc/ppanel.yaml
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```
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**基础配置示例:**
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```yaml
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server:
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host: 0.0.0.0
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port: 8080
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mode: release # debug, release, 或 test
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database:
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type: sqlite
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path: /opt/ppanel/data/ppanel.db
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# MySQL/PostgreSQL 配置:
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# type: mysql
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# host: localhost
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# port: 3306
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# user: ppanel
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# password: your_password
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# database: ppanel
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log:
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level: info # debug, info, warn, error
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path: /opt/ppanel/logs
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gateway:
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port: 8080
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timeout: 30s
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```
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### 步骤 2: 创建必要的目录
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```bash
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# 创建数据和日志目录
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sudo mkdir -p /opt/ppanel/data
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sudo mkdir -p /opt/ppanel/logs
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# 设置适当的权限
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sudo chmod 755 /opt/ppanel
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sudo chmod 700 /opt/ppanel/data
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sudo chmod 755 /opt/ppanel/logs
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```
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## 运行服务
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### 方式一: 直接运行（测试用）
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用于快速测试：
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```bash
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# 使二进制文件可执行
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sudo chmod +x /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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sudo chmod +x /opt/ppanel/gateway
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# 直接运行服务器
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cd /opt/ppanel
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sudo ./ppanel-server
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# 在另一个终端运行网关（如果分离）
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# sudo ./gateway
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```
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按 `Ctrl+C` 停止。
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### 方式二: Systemd 服务（推荐）
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为生产环境部署创建 systemd 服务：
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#### 步骤 1: 创建服务文件
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```bash
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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/ppanel.service
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```
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**服务文件内容:**
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```ini
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[Unit]
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Description=PPanel Server
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Documentation=https://github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel
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After=network-online.target
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Wants=network-online.target
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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User=root
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WorkingDirectory=/opt/ppanel
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ExecStart=/opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=10
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# 安全设置
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NoNewPrivileges=true
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PrivateTmp=true
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ProtectSystem=strict
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ProtectHome=true
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ReadWritePaths=/opt/ppanel/data /opt/ppanel/logs
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# 资源限制
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LimitNOFILE=65535
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LimitNPROC=4096
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# 日志
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StandardOutput=journal
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StandardError=journal
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SyslogIdentifier=ppanel
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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#### 步骤 2: 启用并启动服务
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```bash
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# 重新加载 systemd
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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# 启用服务（开机自启）
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sudo systemctl enable ppanel
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# 启动服务
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sudo systemctl start ppanel
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# 检查状态
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sudo systemctl status ppanel
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```
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## 服务管理
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### 检查状态
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```bash
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# 检查服务是否运行
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sudo systemctl status ppanel
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# 查看详细状态
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sudo systemctl show ppanel
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```
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### 查看日志
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```bash
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# 查看 systemd 日志
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sudo journalctl -u ppanel -f
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# 查看最后 100 行
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sudo journalctl -u ppanel -n 100
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# 查看应用日志
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sudo tail -f /opt/ppanel/logs/ppanel.log
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```
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### 启动/停止/重启
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```bash
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# 启动服务
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sudo systemctl start ppanel
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# 停止服务
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sudo systemctl stop ppanel
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# 重启服务
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sudo systemctl restart ppanel
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# 重新加载配置（如果支持）
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sudo systemctl reload ppanel
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```
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### 启用/禁用自动启动
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```bash
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# 启用开机自启
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sudo systemctl enable ppanel
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# 禁用自动启动
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sudo systemctl disable ppanel
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# 检查是否已启用
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sudo systemctl is-enabled ppanel
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```
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## 部署后配置
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### 验证安装
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```bash
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# 检查服务是否监听端口
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sudo netstat -tlnp | grep 8080
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# 或使用 ss
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sudo ss -tlnp | grep 8080
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# 测试 HTTP 访问
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curl http://localhost:8080
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# 检查进程
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ps aux | grep ppanel
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```
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### 访问应用
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- **用户面板**: `http://your-server-ip:8080`
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- **管理后台**: `http://your-server-ip:8080/admin`
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### 配置防火墙
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```bash
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# Ubuntu/Debian (UFW)
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sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp
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sudo ufw status
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# CentOS/RHEL (firewalld)
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sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080/tcp
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sudo firewall-cmd --reload
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sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports
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```
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### 设置反向代理
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生产环境建议使用 Nginx 或 Caddy 作为反向代理：
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**Nginx 配置** (`/etc/nginx/sites-available/ppanel`):
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name your-domain.com;
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location / {
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proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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# WebSocket 支持
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
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proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
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}
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}
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```
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启用配置：
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```bash
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sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/ppanel /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
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sudo nginx -t
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sudo systemctl reload nginx
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```
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## 升级
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### 升级前备份
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```bash
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# 停止服务
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sudo systemctl stop ppanel
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# 备份当前版本
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sudo cp -r /opt/ppanel /opt/ppanel-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d)
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# 备份数据库
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sudo cp /opt/ppanel/data/ppanel.db /opt/ppanel/data/ppanel.db.backup-$(date +%Y%m%d)
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# 备份配置
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sudo cp /opt/ppanel/etc/ppanel.yaml /opt/ppanel/etc/ppanel.yaml.backup-$(date +%Y%m%d)
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```
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### 下载并安装新版本
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```bash
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# 下载新版本
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cd /tmp
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wget https://github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel/releases/latest/download/ppanel-linux-amd64.tar.gz
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# 解压到临时位置
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mkdir ppanel-new
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tar -xzf ppanel-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C ppanel-new
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# 备份旧的二进制文件
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sudo mv /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server.old
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sudo mv /opt/ppanel/gateway /opt/ppanel/gateway.old
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# 安装新的二进制文件
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sudo cp ppanel-new/ppanel-server /opt/ppanel/
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sudo cp ppanel-new/gateway /opt/ppanel/
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# 设置权限
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sudo chmod +x /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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sudo chmod +x /opt/ppanel/gateway
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# 启动服务
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sudo systemctl start ppanel
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# 检查状态
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sudo systemctl status ppanel
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```
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### 回滚
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如果升级失败：
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```bash
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# 停止服务
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sudo systemctl stop ppanel
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# 恢复旧的二进制文件
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sudo mv /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server.old /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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sudo mv /opt/ppanel/gateway.old /opt/ppanel/gateway
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# 恢复数据库（如需要）
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sudo cp /opt/ppanel/data/ppanel.db.backup-YYYYMMDD /opt/ppanel/data/ppanel.db
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# 启动服务
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sudo systemctl start ppanel
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```
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## 故障排除
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### 服务启动失败
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```bash
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# 查看详细日志
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sudo journalctl -u ppanel -xe
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# 检查配置语法
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/opt/ppanel/ppanel-server --check-config
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# 验证权限
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ls -la /opt/ppanel
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sudo chown -R root:root /opt/ppanel
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```
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### 端口被占用
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```bash
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# 查找占用端口的进程
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sudo lsof -i :8080
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sudo netstat -tlnp | grep 8080
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# 在配置中更改端口
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sudo nano /opt/ppanel/etc/ppanel.yaml
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# 更新 server.port 值
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# 重启服务
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sudo systemctl restart ppanel
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```
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### 二进制文件无法执行
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```bash
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# 检查架构兼容性
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uname -m
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file /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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# 检查是否可执行
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ls -la /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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sudo chmod +x /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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# 检查缺失的库（静态编译应该没有）
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ldd /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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```
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### 内存使用过高
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```bash
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# 检查内存使用
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ps aux | grep ppanel
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top -p $(pgrep ppanel-server)
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# 在 systemd 服务中添加内存限制
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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/ppanel.service
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# 在 [Service] 下添加:
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# MemoryMax=2G
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# MemoryHigh=1.5G
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart ppanel
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```
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### 数据库连接问题
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```bash
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# 检查数据库文件权限
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ls -la /opt/ppanel/data/
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# 对于 SQLite，验证配置中的路径
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sudo nano /opt/ppanel/etc/ppanel.yaml
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# 测试数据库连接
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sqlite3 /opt/ppanel/data/ppanel.db "SELECT 1;"
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# 检查日志中的数据库错误
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sudo journalctl -u ppanel | grep -i database
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```
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## 卸载
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完全移除 PPanel：
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```bash
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# 停止并禁用服务
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sudo systemctl stop ppanel
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sudo systemctl disable ppanel
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# 删除服务文件
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sudo rm /etc/systemd/system/ppanel.service
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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# 删除安装目录
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sudo rm -rf /opt/ppanel
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# 删除防火墙规则（如果添加过）
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sudo ufw delete allow 8080/tcp
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# 或
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sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=8080/tcp
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sudo firewall-cmd --reload
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```
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## 高级配置
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### 以非 Root 用户运行
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为了更好的安全性，使用专用用户运行：
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```bash
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# 创建专用用户
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sudo useradd -r -s /bin/false ppanel
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# 更改所有权
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sudo chown -R ppanel:ppanel /opt/ppanel
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# 更新 systemd 服务
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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/ppanel.service
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# 更改: User=ppanel
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# 如果绑定到端口 < 1024，授予能力
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sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /opt/ppanel/ppanel-server
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart ppanel
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```
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### 多实例部署
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运行多个实例：
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```bash
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# 创建独立目录
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sudo mkdir -p /opt/ppanel-1
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sudo mkdir -p /opt/ppanel-2
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# 复制二进制文件和配置
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sudo cp -r /opt/ppanel/* /opt/ppanel-1/
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sudo cp -r /opt/ppanel/* /opt/ppanel-2/
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# 编辑配置使用不同端口
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sudo nano /opt/ppanel-1/etc/ppanel.yaml # port: 8081
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sudo nano /opt/ppanel-2/etc/ppanel.yaml # port: 8082
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# 创建独立的 systemd 服务
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sudo cp /etc/systemd/system/ppanel.service /etc/systemd/system/ppanel-1.service
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sudo cp /etc/systemd/system/ppanel.service /etc/systemd/system/ppanel-2.service
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# 相应编辑服务文件
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl enable ppanel-1 ppanel-2
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sudo systemctl start ppanel-1 ppanel-2
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```
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### 自定义环境变量
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在 systemd 服务中添加环境变量：
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```ini
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[Service]
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Environment="PPANEL_ENV=production"
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Environment="PPANEL_DEBUG=false"
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EnvironmentFile=/opt/ppanel/env.conf
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```
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## 性能调优
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### 优化文件限制
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```bash
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# 编辑限制
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sudo nano /etc/security/limits.conf
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# 添加:
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* soft nofile 65535
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* hard nofile 65535
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# systemd 服务中已设置:
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# LimitNOFILE=65535
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```
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### 启用数据库优化
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对于 SQLite：
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||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 在 ppanel.yaml 中添加
|
||
database:
|
||
type: sqlite
|
||
path: /opt/ppanel/data/ppanel.db
|
||
options:
|
||
cache_size: -2000
|
||
journal_mode: WAL
|
||
synchronous: NORMAL
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 下一步
|
||
|
||
- [配置指南](/zh/guide/configuration) - 详细的配置选项
|
||
- [管理后台](/zh/admin/dashboard) - 开始管理你的面板
|
||
- [API 参考](/zh/api/reference) - API 集成
|
||
|
||
## 需要帮助？
|
||
|
||
- 查看 [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/perfect-panel/ppanel/issues)
|
||
- 查看 systemd 日志: `sudo journalctl -u ppanel -f`
|
||
- 查看应用日志: `tail -f /opt/ppanel/logs/ppanel.log`
|